Economic and Social Changes in 19th Century Spain

Economic and Social Changes in 19th Century Spain

Economic Changes

Confiscation Process and Agricultural Changes

Throughout the 19th century, Western Europe underwent radical changes in its social and economic structures with the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the era of capitalism. However, in Spain and Southeastern Europe, these economic changes were delayed and incomplete.

The agricultural changes in Spain during the 19th century were inadequate. The liberal land reform initiated by the progressive

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Glossary of Geography and Economic Terms

Urban System

Refers to the broader urban area rather than a specific city, encompassing forms like conurbations, metropolitan areas, urban agglomerations, and megalopolises.

River Basin

A region where water drains along converging lines, forming a river’s power area. In Spain, watersheds are administratively organized within Hydrographic Confederations to manage water resources.

Trade Balance

Records transactions of goods (imports and exports). Along with Services and Revenue & Transfers, it forms

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Political & Administrative Organization of Spain

1. The Political and Administrative Organization of Spain

Spain is a decentralized state where power is distributed among various constituencies. These territorial divisions include:

  • State Government
  • Provinces
  • Municipalities

1.1. Evolution

The administrative division of Spain has changed over time. Even in ancient times, the Romans divided the Iberian Peninsula into different provinces. Initially, it was divided into two:

  • Nearer Spain (Ebro Valley and Mediterranean Coast)
  • Further Spain (rest)

Later, in the

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Understanding Agricultural Practices and Systems

Agricultural Practices and Systems

Primary Sector

The primary sector encompasses activities that extract resources from nature, including:

  • Agriculture
  • Livestock
  • Fisheries
  • Forestry
  • Mining

Agricultural Space

Agricultural space is natural space modified by humans for agriculture, livestock, and forestry. It’s influenced by both physical and human factors.

Land Exploitation

Land exploitation refers to all production measures related to land ownership.

Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land for plant

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Geopolitics, Economics, and Energy Resources

Geopolitical Space

Western World

The Western world (USA, Australia, Europe) shares common geopolitical characteristics.

Latin America

Latin America encompasses the territories conquered and ruled by the Spanish and Portuguese between the 16th and 19th centuries, including all of America south of and including central Mexico. A legacy of conquest includes cultural uniformity, with Catholicism as the predominant religion and Spanish and Portuguese as the primary languages. However, diverse ethnicities

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European Union and Spain: History, Politics, and Regional Organization

European States and the European Union

Current States of Europe

There are 49 independent states in Europe. Many have a long history, while some have their origins in recent changes that took place after 1989, following the fall of communism in Eastern Europe. Disparities: European states have many differences according to their size, location, shape, population, and wealth.

European Union: History

The Second World War (1939-1945) devastated Europe. The bleak landscape urged European countries to cooperate

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