Islamic Art and Architecture in Al-Andalus: A Historical Overview
Origins and Characteristics of Islamic Art in Al-Andalus
1. The Rise of Islamic Art
The rapid expansion of Islam in the 7th century led to the integration of diverse artistic influences from conquered territories, including Byzantine, Mesopotamian, Persian, and Visigothic styles. This eclecticism resulted in a unique Islamic artistic identity, which reached its peak in Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain).
2. General Features of Hispano-Islamic Art
Aniconism: Due to religious prohibitions on depicting the human
Read MoreCamino de Santiago Stages 22-34: A Detailed Guide
Stage 22: Mansilla to León (18.4 km)
Leaving Mansilla de las Mulas by the medieval bridge over the Esla River, the route joins the N-601. After less than 1 km, near Villafalé, it diverges onto a dirt road parallel to the N-601. Across the road is the route to Sandoval and its monastery.
After 1 km, the path passes under a hill with the ruins of Lancia. In Villamor, it crosses the road, continuing on a dirt road. After 2 km, it crosses the historic bridge over the Porma River.
After the bridge,
Read MoreLanguages in England Before English: A History
The Languages of England Before English
Early Inhabitants and Their Languages
Archaeological research reveals that the earliest inhabitants of England were Palaeolithic humans, who arrived when the land was still connected to the European continent. These early people lived in rock shelters and caves, relying on hunting, fishing, and gathering for sustenance. Their tools were primitive, and we have no knowledge of their language.
The Neolithic period saw advancements in agriculture, animal domestication,
Read MoreEconomic Activities and Land Use in Venezuela
Economic Activities in Venezuela
Primary Sector
Extractive Activities: This sector involves the direct extraction of natural resources. Examples include hunting, fishing, mining, and agriculture.
Industry Sub-Sectors:
- Traditional: Food, textile, beverage, footwear, and wood.
- Intermediate: Paper, chemical, petroleum, rubber, and plastic.
- Mechanical: Machinery, electronics, transportation, and metals.
- Waste: Graphic art and publishing.
- Construction: Building, housing, and road infrastructure.
Agricultural
Read MoreUnderstanding Key Demographic and Urban Development Concepts
Life Expectancy
Life expectancy is an indicator expressing the average number of years a person can expect to live after a certain age, based on mortality conditions. “Life expectancy at birth” is used for comparisons, revealing mortality differences between regions. It represents the average lifespan an infant can expect, given the mortality intensity of the reference population.
Real Growth
Real population growth adds natural increase to net migration. Since 2001, Spanish population growth accelerated
Read MoreIndustrial Processes and Energy Sources
Agribusiness
Industrial processing of agricultural raw materials to produce consumer goods for food, feed, or other industrial processes (e.g., flour mills, canning, sugar).
Economies of Scale
Large-scale, low-cost production.
External Economies
Benefits obtained by companies from external factors, such as proximity to ancillary and complementary businesses, infrastructure, and common facilities, which reduce costs and increase profits.
Final Energy
Usable energy forms derived from the transformation of
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