Urban Network and Planning in Catalonia
The Urban Network
The Barcelona Metropolitan Region
This region plays a central administrative, economic, and service role affecting all of Catalonia. Its scope extends beyond the city limits, including Maresme, Vallès Oriental, Vallès Occidental, Barcelona, Baix Llobregat, Alt Penedès, and Garraf, encompassing 5 million people.
Within the metropolitan region are two zones:
- Metro Area: Includes Barcelona and nearby towns like L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Cornellà, Badalona, Sant Adrià de Besòs,
The European Union and Globalization
Establishment of the European Union
Treaty of Maastricht and the White Paper
In 1993, the European Union (EU) was established by the Treaty of Maastricht. A white paper was published, setting out a timetable for the treaty’s implementation.
Historical Background
- 1951: Treaty of Paris
- 1957: Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community
- 1973: Expansion from six to nine members
- 1986: Spain and Portugal join; Single European Act
- 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall
- 1990: Unification of Germany
- 1999: Introduction
Urban Planning: Plots, Buildings, and Regulations
Introduction: Public and Private Spaces in Urban Planning
The space defined by roads and buildings is essential for urban planning, encompassing both public and private areas. Roads, belonging to municipalities, are considered public spaces, while the areas designated for buildings are private. Developers often bear the initial costs of road construction, which are then handed over to the municipality. A city block can contain multiple buildings arranged in various ways, with interior spaces serving
Read MoreSpain Under Franco: Regime Consolidation and Economic Growth
1. The Institutions and the Consolidation of the Regime
The dictator, who concentrated all power, assumed from the beginning the role of system component. Gradually, various organizational laws were approved, forming what came to be called the Fundamental Laws of Motion:
- Labor Law, 1938: Prohibition of free trade unions. Following the Fascist model, the Vertical Union Organization was set up as the single trade union controlled by the Falange.
- Constitutive Act of the Cortes, 1942: Cortes elected by
Urbanization in Spain: A Historical Overview
Industrial Urbanization (Mid-19th to Mid-20th Century)
Socioeconomic Growth and Provincial Capitals
From 1833, provincial capitals experienced significant growth, driven by socioeconomic factors and the establishment of government services and institutions. Growth was slow until the second third of the 19th century.
Demolition of Medieval Walls and Urban Expansion
From the second third of the 19th century until the Civil War, medieval walls were demolished, making way for bourgeois expansions with
Read MoreVocational Training Courses in Barquisimeto
Vocational Training Courses
Industry Services
Automotive
- Mechanical Operator
- Email Alignment and Balancing
- Programming and Front-End Alignment
- PC Maintenance & Repair
- Auto Electrical
- Electronically Controlled Automatic Cases
Other Services
- AutoCAD
- Basic and Advanced Blacksmithing (Aluminum)
- Basic Welding
- Free Software
Tourism
Tourism
- Tourism Assistant
- Tourism Guide
- Waitress
- Ceremonial, Protocol, and Etiquette
- Fair Guide
- Organization of Events and Protocol
Hospitality
- Basic Bar and Food Service
- Room Service and Lingerie
- Shopping
Health
- Nutrition