Spanish Population: Distribution, Natural Movement & Migration
The Spanish Population
Demographic Sources
Population geography studies the relationships between population and space, building on sciences like demographics, which analyzes quantitative population data.
- The Census: An individual count of the population at a given time, collecting demographic, economic, and social information.
- The Municipal Register: A register of inhabitants in municipalities, also collecting demographic, economic, and social information.
- Civil Registration: Records births, deaths,
Demography and Population Studies
Demography
Demography is the study of populations, encompassing not only biological aspects but also socio-economic characteristics and their social and labor implications.
Migration
Migration refers to the movement of a population across space. It involves individuals leaving their place of residence. Migration can be internal, occurring within the same country, or external, involving international movements. The consequences of emigration (population departure) include:
- Population loss and even depopulation,
Spain’s Evolving Agricultural and Industrial Landscape: A 21st-Century Perspective
Spain’s Economic Sectors: An Overview
Agriculture
Once the dominant force in the latter half of the 20th century, Spain’s primary sector now accounts for 5.2% of the workforce and 2.5% in Catalonia. Key crops include:
- Grain (barley, wheat, corn) – Castile and Aragon
- Olives – Jaén and Córdoba
- Grapes – Castile-La Mancha, Valencian Community, Catalonia, Andalusia, Rioja
- Citrus fruits – Valencian Community
- Non-citrus fruits – Mediterranean coastline, Aragon, Lleida
- Flowers – Mediterranean communities, Galicia,
Prehistory to Modern Age: A Journey Through History
1. Prehistory
Prehistory spans a vast period, from the emergence of humans to the invention of writing.
1.1 The Origin of Mankind
Hominid evolution involved increasingly upright posture, larger cranial capacity, mastery of fire, and language development.
1.2 The Stone Age
This era is divided into two periods:
- Paleolithic: Nomadic hunter-gatherers lived outdoors in huts or caves, forming tribes, controlling fire, and developing beliefs like ancestor worship and artistic expression.
- Neolithic: The transition
Spanish Industry 1855-1975: Growth, Challenges, and Transformations
The Spanish Industry (1855-1975)
1. Historical Evolution
1.1 The Slow Onset of Industrialization
Spain’s industrialization lagged behind other Western European countries. Several factors contributed to this delayed development:
- Limited raw materials and energy resources.
- Significant foreign control over mines.
- Inadequate industrial investment due to public debt and individual investment in land acquisition.
- Limited demand for industrial products due to low population growth and widespread poverty.
- Technological
Ancient and Medieval Cities: Urban Development Through History
Ancient Cities
Around 5,000 years ago, the first urban civilizations emerged in seven distinct regions:
- The Hoang-ho River Valley (Huixian, Anyang, Gaocheng)
- The Indus Valley (Rags, Mohenjo-Daro, Balatok)
- The Tigris and Euphrates Valleys (Nineveh, Babylon, Ur, Uruk, Assur)
- The Nile Valley (Ilahun, Memphis, Giza, Thebes, Abydos)
- The Niger Valley (Goa, Timbuktu)
- The Mesoamerican Highlands (Tikal, Cocaxtlan, El Tajin, Tenochtitlan, Copán)
- The Peruvian Highlands (Tiahuanaco, Pikimachay, Machu Picchu, Nazca)