Vegetation and Population Dynamics Glossary
Vegetation Glossary
Native Vegetation
Species that develop naturally in an area without human intervention, adapting to past or present environmental conditions.
Biodiversity
A set of interdependent living organisms coexisting in an ecosystem.
Forest
A set of interdependent plant communities with a specific structure, density, and flora, whose combined operation forms the basis of its stability. The dominant species is the tree.
Deciduous Forest
Vegetation formation of the Eurosiberian region with annual
Read MoreArgentina’s Diverse Landscapes: A Comprehensive Overview
Puna
The Puna is a high plateau located in the Andes Mountains of Argentina. It is characterized by its wide temperature range and high altitude, with elevations reaching up to 3,500 meters. The Puna is home to a variety of mineral resources, including tin, gold, copper, and antimony. The region is also known for its salt flats and salt marshes.
Eastern Cordillera
The Eastern Cordillera is a mountain range located in the eastern part of Argentina. It is formed by high mountains and narrow valleys,
Read MoreSpanish Urban Systems and Migration Patterns
1. Urban Relations in Spain
1.1. City System Dynamics
Cities within Spain’s urban system are interconnected through economic flows (goods, capital, investment), people, and other factors (political, administrative, cultural). Key characteristics of these relationships include:
- Madrid’s strong ties with all other cities, particularly Barcelona.
- Barcelona’s comparatively weaker influence, though significant in the eastern mainland and Balearic Islands.
- Strong integration in the northeast quadrant, with
Urban Environmental and Social Challenges in a Globalized World
Urban Environmental Challenges
The Urban Heat Island Effect and Air Pollution
Most cities experience a heat island microclimate, with temperatures typically 1-4°C higher than surrounding rural areas. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon:
- Heat emission and reflection from buildings (residential and industrial).
- Heat absorption and radiation by cement, bricks, and asphalt.
- Sunlight reflection from building windows.
- Pollutant emissions (from industries, vehicles, heating systems) creating smog,
Spain: Climate, Geopolitics, and Territorial Organization
1. Climate of Spain
1.1. Precipitation
Precipitation levels differentiate dry and wet climates:
- Dry: Less than 200mm of rainfall.
- Sub-humid: 200-800mm of rainfall.
- Wet: More than 800mm of rainfall.
Thermal amplitude increases with distance from the equator.
1.2. Climate Types
Three main climate types can be distinguished:
- Cold: Average temperature below 10°C.
- Warm: Average temperature above 18°C.
- Temperate: Average temperature around 18-20°C, with the coldest month’s average temperature around 10°C.
1.3.
Read MoreExploring Farming Methods and Land Management
Intensive and Extensive Agriculture
Intensive agriculture seeks maximum performance, while extensive agriculture aims for maximum returns with minimal capital, labor, and lower yields.
Estates
Large properties exceeding 50 hectares, often underexploited due to absentee ownership, resulting in low yields and extensive grazing. Common in Andalusia.
Raw Materials
Basic products used in industrial processes to manufacture consumer goods.
Minifundio
Small farms under 10 hectares, typically run by families for
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