Catalonia’s Self-Governance and Physical Environment
Institutions of Catalonia’s Self-Governance
The Generalitat is the institutional system organizing Catalonia’s political self-governance. It comprises the Parliament, the Presidency, and the Government.
– The Parliament has legislative functions, passing laws and budgets, controlling the Government, and promoting political activity.
– The President of the Generalitat, elected from Parliament members and appointed by the King, is the highest representative and head of government. Since the end of the
Read MoreJovellanos’ Agrarian Law Report: Analysis and Context
Comment Text 2 – Report on the Agrarian Law of Jovellanos
This is a historical and literary text, a report on the state of agriculture in Spain.
The text is dated April 16, 1794, in Madrid.
Charles III was a king who implemented enlightened reforms from above, aiming to modernize the monarchy and increase welfare. The Enlightenment, a major European cultural movement, had unique characteristics in Spain. It was elitist, with enlightened ideas shared only by a small intellectual group, and ideologically
Read MoreEuropean Industrialization: Changes and Consequences
INDUSTRIALIZATION OF EUROPEAN CITIES
The Industrial Revolution is an economic, technological, and social change that progresses slowly and nonviolently.
The Industrial Revolution begins in England and industrialization spreads throughout Europe during the nineteenth century.
Factors for Industrialization
Political
England’s parliamentary system facilitates these changes.
Economic
Entrepreneurship and innovative systems (like Norfolk) drive industrialization, along with technological advancements such as
Read MoreEconomic History: Industrialization and Global Impacts
READING NUMBER 1: Course of Economic History
- France: Labor was inexpensive, hindering mechanization and preventing an industrial revolution akin to Britain’s. France lacked iron and coal, essential for industrialization.
- Bank Creation: A shareholder-based bank focused on industrial investment was created, impacting over 50 companies. It led to mixed banking models and strengthened large industries, despite eventual bankruptcy. It influenced American companies.
- Infrastructure Spending: Encouraged private
Hispanic America: 16th and 17th Centuries
ITEM 6. Hispanic America: 16th and 17th Centuries
1. Introduction
The modern age emerged with a cultural revolution and a new political model, the modern state, driven by:
- Humanism
- Scientific and geographic advancements
The discovery of America was propelled by several factors:
- Economic: Seeking new wealth sources and a shorter route to the Indies.
- Political: Royal ambition for territorial expansion.
- Religious: Spreading Christianity and countering Islam’s control in the Eastern Mediterranean.
- Social and
History of Spain: A Comprehensive Overview
Spain, also known as the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign member of the European Union. It is a social and democratic state governed by law, with a constitutional monarchy as its form of government. The country’s capital is Madrid, and it occupies most of the Iberian Peninsula. Spain also includes the Balearic Islands (in the western Mediterranean Sea) and the Canary Islands (in the eastern Atlantic Ocean). In North Africa, Spain holds sovereignty over the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla,
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