Spanish Emigration and Immigration: Historical Trends and Impacts
External Migration: Historical Overview
External migration refers to population movements outside a country’s borders. This section examines Spain’s historical migration patterns.
Emigration until 1975
Spain historically was a country of emigrants. Two major destinations were overseas and Europe.
Transoceanic Migration
Spanish emigration flowed primarily to Latin America, and secondarily to the U.S., Canada, and Australia. This migration was generally permanent and assisted by public programs.
- Significant
Age of Exploration: New Trade Routes, Discoveries, and European Growth
1. Why Were the Discoveries Made?
Countries Known to Europe in the 15th Century
At the beginning of the 15th century, Europeans primarily knew Europe and the lands around the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. The existence of India, China, and Japan was known through Marco Polo’s journeys and trade routes that brought silk and spices to Europe. However, detailed knowledge of these lands was limited, and the rest of the world remained largely a mystery. Europeans had not explored the interiors of Africa
Read MoreRaw Materials, Energy Sources, and Global Industry Overview
Raw Materials
Definition: Resources used in production, categorized as:
Vegetable and Animal: From farming (linen, cotton, etc.), livestock (fat, fur, etc.), and forestry (wood).
Mineral: Found in deposits. Metallic minerals (iron, lead, copper, etc.) are located in Hercynian formations and used in primary industries. Non-metallic minerals (feldspar, salt, quartz, etc.) are found in Paleozoic areas and used in construction and chemistry.
Energy Sources
Definition: Resources providing energy for industrial
Read MoreEconomic and Industrial Growth: A Comparative Study of Late 19th and Early 20th Century Nations
Economic and Industrial Growth: A Comparative Study
1. Economic Unification and Industrialization: Germany and Italy
In the pre-modern era, both Germany and Italy experienced stalled economies, fragmented and influenced by foreign powers. Italy, in particular, had lost control of its financial affairs. Until 1850, its industry primarily consisted of silk production and a modest metallurgical sector. However, thanks to enterprising landowners, Italian agriculture transformed into one of the most prosperous
Read MoreExploring the Settlements of Valleys and Plateaus in Patagonia
Valleys, Ravines, and Puna – WEST
7) Located at the oste settlements in the region, these areas have been part of large estates that emerged in the colonial period when Indigenous people held parcels. These settlements have been engaged in farming or raising livestock, and also as workers in the mining industry.
La Quebrada de Humahuaca is a valley formed by river erosion, part of the tour of the Rio Grande de Jujuy. Here, there are small oasis settlements and irrigation systems, such as Maimará
Regional Imbalances in Spain: Demographics, Economics, and Policy
Regional Imbalances
Significant imbalances currently exist between and within Spanish communities. While some imbalances relate to natural conditions and land area, the most important ones are human-driven, such as demographic, economic, and social disparities.
Demographic Imbalances
Striking demographic imbalances exist between the Autonomous Communities (ACs), encompassing population size, distribution, density, natural growth, and age structure.
Differences in Vegetative Growth
Important imbalances
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