Key Urban Planning Terms and Concepts
Key Urban Planning Terms
A
Accessibility
Potential for physical and social networking within a social group or urban place with the rest of the city.
Urban Agglomeration
The accumulation of people, structures, and activities in an urban geographic space.
C
Central Area
Business district, downtown; central gathering of commercial and service establishments, often with high densities, entertainment, and meeting venues.
City
Geographical area with residential, administrative, processing, and exchange functions,
Read MoreKey Urban and Economic Concepts in Spain
Accessibility
The ease or difficulty of reaching a place from other locations. It depends on distance, infrastructure, and transport services.
Fee
An official fee for goods crossing a country’s border. In Spain, there are no tariffs on products from other European Union members, but a common tariff applies to goods from third countries.
Metropolitan Area
A large urbanized area comprising a major city and several nearby towns with significant economic and social relations, requiring joint planning and
Read MoreEuropean and Spanish Topography, Rivers, and Climates
European Physical Geography
Europe, with an area of 10.4 million km2, is the second smallest continent. Its territory features low and medium altitudes, averaging 340m. There are three main geographical units:
- Mountains, Ancient Massifs, and Plateaus: Located to the northwest and east, including the Scandinavian mountains, Ural Mountains, and the French Central Massif.
- Plains: Situated in central and eastern Europe, stretching from France to Russia.
- Alpine Ranges: Found along the Mediterranean coast,
Global Population Dynamics: Trends and Structures
1. Population Evolution
In the early 21st century, Earth’s population exceeded 6 billion. The Neolithic domestication of animals and agriculture led to increased food production, consequently boosting population growth. Since the 19th century, European population growth surged due to healthcare advancements and economic development. The 20th century witnessed a population explosion, with slower growth in wealthier countries and steady increases in poorer nations.
2. Global Population Distribution
2.
Read MoreDecline and Transformation of the Roman Empire
Division of the Roman Empire
The vast Roman Empire faced challenges in political organization and control throughout its history. Various governance systems were attempted, but by the 3rd century, the empire was dysfunctional, divided, and led by less capable figures.
Economic, religious, military, and political crises made reunification difficult. Anarchy prevailed due to weak leadership and power struggles among generals and governors.
Diocletian (285-305) reformed the empire by reorganizing the
Read MoreModernity’s Failure in Spain: Historical Political Issues
Modernity’s Failure and Spain’s Historical Challenges
To understand contemporary Spanish society, we must examine its unresolved historical problems.
Américo Castro’s Thesis
Américo Castro’s thesis on “the historical reality of Spain” highlights the Reconquista‘s impact. This eight-century process shaped a unique Hispanic identity, characterized by:
- A disdain for manual work and applied science.
- An inegalitarian social structure with a landed aristocracy and landless peasants.
- A political culture prone