Christian Kingdoms in the Late Middle Ages: 14th and 15th Centuries
The Late Middle Ages: Crisis of the 14th and 15th Centuries
Political Organization and Institutions in Castile and Aragon
Kings sought to extend their positions through roles such as the Butler (equity), Chancellor (administration), and Constable (militia), held by a nobility of service. The Royal Council served as a consulting and support body for the king, and the Court administered justice on his behalf. Courts had a minor role, with no legislative capacity, and the estates of the nobility and
Read MoreUrban and Rural Landscapes: A Global and Spanish Perspective
**Southern Countries**
Southern cities are continuing demographic growth, motivated by both high birth rates and immigration to the area. This strong city population has emigrated due to economic resources and is located near cities. These same people are the ones who build their homes. The materials used are pieces of wood, metal, etc. These neighborhoods are provided with minimal infrastructure or equipment. In the center of the city is the business and commerce center and the historic center.
Read MoreGlobal Transport Networks, Tourism, Trade, and Development Factors
Global Transport Networks
Global transport networks are created by transport infrastructures. These networks are made up of nodes, which are points of departure and arrival, and by pathways that link the nodes.
Linked Spaces
Developed countries have numerous, dense, and well-built transport networks. Their main nodes are in the capitals of the countries. They have good links to strategic global shipping routes, such as the major straits and canals. In these countries, the latest transport improvements
Read MoreProtected Natural Areas in the Canary Islands: Legal Framework
Commentary on the Chart of the Autonomous Region Protected Areas
Legal Framework for Conservation
Our current assessment of the ecological heritage has led to the development of policies for conservation and protection of natural areas and wildlife.
In 1916, the National Parks Act was created, establishing the first two National Parks (PN): Covadonga and Valle de Ordesa two years later.
At present, the law of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity (2007) regulates and sets standards for the conservation
Read More19th Century Spain: Society and Economy
**Economy and Society in 19th Century Spain**
**A. Society in the 19th Century: From Estates to Classes**
**Demographic Trends**
The Spanish population increased over the period despite high mortality rates. This trend can be explained by the decline in mortality and the maintenance of a high birth rate.
Most of the population remained rural. Urban growth was limited, and the agricultural crisis of the century sparked overseas emigration.
**Social Evolution**
The main feature of this period is the gradual
Read MoreThe Industrial Revolutions: Societal and Economic Transformations
Industrial Revolution (18th Century)
The Industrial Revolution was a result of a set of economic and technological changes that occurred first in the UK, which resulted in profound economic and social transformations. It later expanded to other countries.
Demographic Revolution
The population doubled over the century. The causes were increased food production and progress in hygiene and medicine. This led to decreased mortality and increased birth rates and life expectancy (from 38 to 50 years).