Spain’s Economic Transformation: 1957-1970s
**1. The Turn of the Spanish Economy**
1.1. Governments of Development
Franco’s governments since 1957 saw a transition from the dominance of Falangist principles to the dominance of technocrats. Linked to Opus Dei, economic growth was seen as the main guarantee of social stability. The main purpose was to incorporate criteria of rationality and effectiveness into state management that would ensure the continuity of the regime. This involved technical reform, without challenging the dictatorship,
Read MoreMedieval Europe: Society, Politics, and Religion
**Topic 1: Population Density and Demographics**
Population density is the relationship between the number of inhabitants of a place and the space they occupy. It is calculated by dividing the total population by the area occupied (in km2). The result is expressed in inhabitants per km2.
- Natural Movement:
- Birth: The number of people born in one year. The birth rate is calculated by dividing the number of births in a year by the total population and multiplying it by a thousand. It is expressed in per
Medieval Europe: Feudalism, Society, and Economic Shifts
The Mosaic of States and Kingdoms in the 11th Century
In the north were the Normans, settled in England since the middle of the 11th century. At the heart of Europe were the kingdoms of France and the Holy Roman Empire. In the east were the Slavic kingdoms, formed as powerful principalities like Kiev. In the Mediterranean were the Byzantine Empire and Western Christian kingdoms.
Political Changes: Kings and Parliaments
In the Middle Ages, major political changes included the consolidation of the power
Read MoreKey Global Facts and Figures
Aquifers: Underground Water Reservoirs
An aquifer is an underground formation of permeable rock that stores water from rain.
Global Water Distribution
97% of Earth’s water is saltwater; only 3% is freshwater. This freshwater is primarily located in glaciers (68%), underground water sources (30%), and permafrost (1%).
Mexican Oil Types
Mexico produces three main types of oil: Maya (heavy crude, representing over half of total production), Istmo (light, low-sulfur content, almost a third of total production)
Spanish Population Trends: Analysis and Distribution
Evolution of the Spanish Population
This analysis of population trends in Spain is differentiated into two stages: the pre-statistical and the statistical.
Pre-statistical Stage
This stage includes the centuries preceding the first modern census, conducted in Spain in the second half of the nineteenth century. Knowledge from this period is very imprecise due to a lack of reliable sources. We know that the Spanish population experienced booms alternating with moments of crisis, never exceeding seven
Read MoreKey Concepts in Agriculture, Industry, and Trade
Agriculture
Agriculture is the set of skills and expertise used to cultivate land. The primary sector is devoted to it. It encompasses the various activities of soil treatment and plant crops. It includes a whole range of human actions that transform the natural environment to make it more suitable for growing crops.
Sharecropping
Sharecropping is a tenure status of land that relates to the owner who works it. This is a variable contract, for which the employee pays the owner a proportion of crop production
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