Economy and Society in the Modern Age: 16th-18th Centuries
Economy in the Modern Age
A few new innovations emerged, including:
- New plants taken from America
- In Western Europe, feudalism continued, characterized by non-economic working relations where lords forced farmers and knights to work for them, pay taxes, and obey them.
A manor was the type of land organization in feudalism. It was divided into a demesne, the area owned by the lord, and holdings, areas he controlled that were cultivated by the farmers.
The consequence of these innovations was that crops
Read MoreKey Demographic Terms and Population Trends in Spain
Understanding Population Dynamics
This document defines essential demographic terms and illustrates them with examples primarily from Spain. Understanding these concepts is crucial for analyzing population trends and their societal impacts.
Census
A census is a valuable source for studying a population’s size, demographics, culture, social structure, and economic status. It includes data such as population size, age, sex, marital status, and educational level. Censuses are typically conducted every
Read MoreSpanish Migration: Internal and External Movements
Daily Movements: Migration and Mobility
Migration has been one of the most decisive factors in the evolution of both the spatial distribution of the structure and the total Spanish population. External migration, at times, eased the relationship between population and resources. More recent emigration to Europe contributed to financing part of Spain’s economic development. Internal migration, in its intensity and its impact on growth, has been responsible for the unbalanced distribution of the population.
Read MoreSpain’s 19th Century: Economy, Society, and Demographics
Agriculture, Industry, and Transportation in 19th-Century Spain
Agrarian Transformations
The confiscation was a *fake* land reform. We can distinguish three stages in the disentailment legislation:
- The first started with Godoy and continued with José I. The Cortes of Cádiz approved a general decree of confiscation, which could hardly be implemented.
- The second began with the disentailment laws of Mendizábal and lasted until its application was paralyzed by the moderate government of Narváez.
- The
Industrial Revolutions and Societal Shifts: 18th-20th Centuries
First Industrial Revolution: Technical Improvements
The replacement of human and animal force mechanics was made possible by a series of technical innovations. The main areas in which there were technical innovations were energy (Watt’s steam engine), textiles (cotton spinning and weaving), metallurgy (blast furnaces, etc.), and finally, transport (Stephenson’s locomotive). The division of labor resulted in a significant increase in productivity and lower manufacturing costs, resulting in turn in
Read MoreArgentina: Geography, Economy, and Globalization
Argentina’s Geographical Extremes
Endpoints:
- North: Confluence of the Rio Grande and Mojinete, Cerro Branqui (Jujuy)
- East: City of Bernardo de Irigoyen (Misiones)
- West: Los Glaciares National Park (Santa Cruz)
- South: Cape San Pio (Tierra del Fuego)
Attributes of the Argentine State
For the Argentine State to be recognized as such, it must possess the following:
- Territory: A defined physical space in which to exercise sovereignty.
- Population: People living within the physical space, fostering a sense of belonging