Spain’s Industrial and Social Transformation: 1874-1914
The Progress of the Industry
The accumulation of capital from the export of Basque iron, along with the pre-processing of the Basque economy and the return of physical and human capital from Cuba following independence, resulted in the consolidation of a modern steel industry located in Vizcaya. Between 1879 and 1882, the three major Spanish steel companies of the nineteenth century were founded: San Francisco, Blast Furnaces and Iron and Steel Mills, and La Vizcaya. The benefits of mineral exports
Read MorePopulation Dynamics and Urban Development in Spain
Significant Population Growth in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Spain experienced significant population growth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, especially between 1830 and 1960. This was due to high birth rates and decreased mortality, mainly in the coastal zone.
Population Density Disparities
Spain has five areas with high population density: the Mediterranean facade, western Andalusia, the metropolitan area of Madrid, the Cantabrian and Atlantic regions, and the Canary Islands. Conversely,
Read MoreUruguay’s Geography: Location, Borders, and River Systems
Geographical Location of Uruguay
With an area of 176,215 km2, Uruguay extends five degrees north to south (30° to 35° south latitude) and five degrees from east to west (53° to 58° west longitude). It is, therefore, more than 500 km across in both directions, which determines an area of medium length in the global set of countries. In fact, there are more than 100 countries smaller than Uruguay.
Uruguay’s geographical location on the continent is really advantageous. The Atlantic Ocean, southeast
Industrial Sectors and Their Environmental Impact in Spain
Industrial activities are grouped in sectors identified by the final destination of goods produced or according to the nature or origin of raw materials used. According to the first criterion, we distinguish between basic industries, capital equipment and fixed assets, and consumption. Based industries occupy the first link in the industrial chain; they transform raw materials into semi-finished products that, in turn, are used as feedstock for other industries. A good example would be the steel
Read MoreEconomy and Society in the Modern Age: 16th-18th Centuries
Economy in the Modern Age
A few new innovations emerged, including:
- New plants taken from America
- In Western Europe, feudalism continued, characterized by non-economic working relations where lords forced farmers and knights to work for them, pay taxes, and obey them.
A manor was the type of land organization in feudalism. It was divided into a demesne, the area owned by the lord, and holdings, areas he controlled that were cultivated by the farmers.
The consequence of these innovations was that crops
Read MoreKey Demographic Terms and Population Trends in Spain
Understanding Population Dynamics
This document defines essential demographic terms and illustrates them with examples primarily from Spain. Understanding these concepts is crucial for analyzing population trends and their societal impacts.
Census
A census is a valuable source for studying a population’s size, demographics, culture, social structure, and economic status. It includes data such as population size, age, sex, marital status, and educational level. Censuses are typically conducted every
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