EU & Spanish Energy Legislation: Directives & Acts
EU Legislation on Energy
- Directive 96/92/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 19 December 1996 on common rules for the internal electricity market.
- Council Resolution of 18 December 1997 on a Community strategy to promote combined heat and power.
- White Paper of the European Commission for a Community Strategy and Community Plan of Action: Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy, COM (97) 599, 26 November 1997.
- Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of
Habsburg Political Model and 16th Century Spanish Society
The Political Model of the Habsburgs: The Union of Kingdoms
The large conglomerate of kingdoms and territories held by the Spanish Habsburg Empire was no longer to become a monarchy under Philip II, whose sole link was the king. In 1561, the capital was set in Madrid, moving to be stable. Here are the institutions and the reinos.
The State Council
The State Council, the only organ common to all kingdoms, was created by Charles I and could be composed of members of any territory. Their mission was to
Read MoreSpanish Emigration Trends: 1945 to Present
Spanish Emigration: Transoceanic and European Flows
Transoceanic Emigration
c) Between 1945 and 1960, transoceanic migration recovered but did not reach the figures of the previous century. The factors that allowed for this recovery were Spain’s authorization to leave the country freely (1946), the lifting of the UN’s international isolation (1950), and the change in the U.S. attitude regarding Franco’s regime (1951).
The migrant profile changed. Family migration gained more weight, and migrants had
Read MoreFernand Braudel: World-Economies and the Rise of Capitalism
Fernand Braudel: World-Economies and Capitalism
Fernand Braudel argues that a kind of global society exists, hierarchical yet recognizable, much like an ordinary society. The world-economies built in Europe after its expansion explain the rise of capitalism. These world-economies are defined by a triple reality:
- They occupy a specific geographical area, which defines their limits.
- They always have a pole, a center represented by a dominant city, formerly a city-state, now a capital of the economy.
- They
Regional Economic Disparities in Spain: Finance and Redistribution
Regional Economic Disparities in Spain
Contrasts in Regional Economic Development
The diverse natural conditions and historical and social factors of Spain’s autonomous regions have led to uneven economic development. The Spanish economy is the fifth largest in the European Union and the fourteenth largest in the world by GDP. However, there are large areas of the state with low development and a significant segment of the population with low incomes. Families in the Basque Country and Navarre have
Read MoreEU Rural Development Policy: Economic Growth & Sustainability
EU Rural Development Policy: Fostering Growth and Sustainability
The European Union, through its rural development policy, provides structural funds for the most disadvantaged agricultural areas. The goal is to maintain the number of farmers and to conserve agricultural landscapes. The LEADER program also provides funds to help the regions worst affected by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to subsidize the creation of innovative activities, such as rural tourism.
Regional and Local Involvement
The
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