Industrial Revolution and Key Economic Concepts
Key Terms of Unit 2
The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period of significant technological and economic change, initially in Britain (c. 1750-1800). It began with the accumulation of trading capital and the mechanization of the textile factories of northern England and then Scotland. Dependent on the application of steam power, it also required factory production and an urban workforce. Populations grew, and the working classes suffered in the new towns. Industrialization was
Read MoreKey Economic and Agricultural Definitions
Economic and Agricultural Terms
- Protectionist Policy: Economic policy aimed at protecting the national economy and competition from foreign productions.
- Autarky: The idea that a country should produce all it needs for internal development within its borders, eliminating the need for imports.
- Industrial Crops: Crops used as industrial raw materials.
- Fodder Crops: Crops used as food for livestock.
- Mesta: Association of transhumant sheep farmers.
- Transhumance: The practice of moving livestock between regions
Spain’s Economy and Society in the 16th Century
Economy and Society in 16th Century Spain
In economics, agriculture was very outdated, and poor land distribution hindered modernization. Important rainfed crops included grapes and cereals, while irrigation was prevalent in Andalusia, Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia.
In livestock, transhumant sheep farming in Castile was favored by the Catholic Monarchs and Charles I but later declined due to opposition from farmers.
Industry saw remarkable progress in the early 16th century due to a rising population,
Read MoreSpanish Population Dynamics: Birth, Mortality, and Growth
Natural Movement of the Spanish Population
The natural movement of the Spanish population is characterized by three distinct stages or regimes: the old demographic regime, the demographic transition, and the current regime. These stages are defined by changes in mortality and fertility rates.
Old Demographic Regime
This regime, prevalent until the early twentieth century, was marked by high birth rates, high mortality rates, and low natural growth. Birth rates were high due to the dominance of the
Read MoreKey Terms of Spanish History: 15th-18th Centuries
Religious and Social Groups
- Holy Brotherhood: Organization created by the Catholic Monarchs to pursue and stamp out vandalism endemic in rural areas.
- Inquisition: Tribunal established by the Catholic Monarchs to pursue the Judaizers, then the Moors, and then everything that was against religion.
- Mudéjares: Muslims living in Christian territory.
- Moriscos: Muslims forcibly converted to Christianity.
- Judaizers: Baptized Jews who secretly practiced their religion.
- Sephardim: Jews expelled from Spain who
World Regions: Development, Economy, and Culture
Millennium Development Goals
- Improve maternal health
- Combat AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
- Ensure environmental sustainability
- Develop a global partnership for development
NGOs and private organizations formed by volunteers, humanitarian, health, education, and human rights… in underdeveloped countries.
Regions and Regional Groupings
Location: An area or portion of geographic space endowed with homogeneous characteristics.
Types of Regional Groupings by Factors:
- Political factors (sets of state administrative