Demographic Indicators: Definitions and Factors

Demographic Indicators

Natural balance: Births – Deaths

Net migration: Immigrants – Emigrants

Birth rate: Births that occur in a population per thousand inhabitants in a given year

(2010) [Number of births / total population] x 1000

Death rate: Deaths that occur in a population per thousand inhabitants in a given year

(2010) [Number of deaths / total population] x 1000

Fertility rate: Average number of children women have in a population throughout their reproductive years (15-49)

[Number of births / women

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Global Challenges: Desertification, Waste, Pollution & Migration

Global Challenges: Environment, Waste, and Migration

Desertification: This significantly impacts the African continent, diminishing natural resources and potentially compromising future production. It also leads to a reduction in biodiversity, with many species becoming extinct before their potential in medicine and food production can be realized.

Waste Generation and Management

The generation of waste incurs major treatment costs. More proactive measures are needed to exploit waste as a resource

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Key Terms in Transport, Trade, and Tourism

ADIF

Railway infrastructure manager, responsible for its maintenance, operation, and building new lines.

Popular Stores

Small retail stores offering inexpensive, everyday products.

Tourist Areas

Areas with a high density of tourists, whether foreign or domestic.

Highway (Type 1)

A road with separate lanes for opposing traffic directions, typically without level crossings.

Information Highway

Electronic connectivity networks for circulating texts, images, and sounds instantly from any point.

Motorway of the

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Madinat al-Zahra: Unveiling the Caliphate City’s Splendor

Madinat al-Zahra: A Glimpse into Caliphal Workshops

Evidence suggests the existence of significant caliphal workshops operating for Madinat al-Zahra, located within the city itself.

Visitor Impact

One of the most captivating features of the city was the mercury cell, designed to manipulate light and mesmerize viewers.

Construction Timeline

  • Construction commenced in 936.
  • In 941, the first phase, including the Mosque, was completed and put into use.
  • Coinage production moved from Cordoba to the mint in 946-
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United Kingdom: Facts, Geography, and Political System

The United Kingdom: An Overview

The official name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Constituent Countries and Capitals:

Wales – Cardiff, Scotland – Edinburgh, Northern Ireland – Belfast, England – London, Ireland – Dublin.

National Symbol:

The Royal Coat of Arms

Country Symbols:

England (St. George’s Cross), Wales (St. David, Dragon of Cadwallader/the Red Dragon), Scotland (St. Andrew’s Cross), Ireland (St. Patrick’s Cross), Republic of Ireland.

Crown Dependencies:

Territories
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Demographic Transition & Current Trends: Analysis Since 1900

The Demographic Transition: 1900-1975

This period is characterized by a mild decrease in birth rates and a sharp decline in mortality, leading to a high natural increase.

Birth Rate Trends (1900-1975)

The decline in birth rates was not smooth, with alternating periods of decline and recovery. In the 1920s, the birth rate decrease recovered due to economic prosperity. Between 1930 and 1956, the decline resumed. Causes included the 1929 economic crisis, political instability during the Second Republic

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