Capitalism vs. State-Planned Economies & Migration Impact
Advantages of Capitalism
- Economic Efficiency: Free competition encourages businesses to maintain profits by reducing costs, improving quality, and enhancing design.
- Private Property: Individuals have the freedom to make economic decisions as producers, owners (investment decisions), and consumers (purchasing choices).
Inconveniences of Capitalism
- Exhaustion of the planet’s natural resources.
- Introduction of numerous toxic elements into everyday products (to increase sales or reduce costs).
- Emission of
Spain’s Political and Economic Landscape in the 19th Century
Spain’s Political History in the 19th Century
The Democratic Sexenio (1868-1874)
The democratic period of Spain’s 19th-century political history is divided into several phases:
- Revolutionary and Constitutional: The Constitution of 1869, the first democratic constitution in Spanish history, established universal male suffrage. The monarchy was ultimately chosen as the form of government.
- The Search for a King: After a search, Amadeus of Savoy was chosen as king.
- The Democratic Monarchy of Amadeus I: Amadeus
Muslim Rule and Christian Kingdoms in Medieval Aragon
Muslim Conquest and Rule in Aragon
In 714, Muslims, led by Musa, arrived in Aragon. They occupied the Ebro valley without much resistance. In the following years, they conquered the rest of the current mountainous region of Aragon, demanding tribute and controlling the mountain passes. Only Huesca offered significant resistance.
Territorial Organization
The territory was divided into three provinces or marks:
- Upper Mark – Zaragoza (most of Aragon)
- Middle Mark – Toledo (area of Teruel and Albarracín)
Medieval Spain: Society, Culture, and Literature (6th-15th Centuries)
Literature in the Middle Ages
What Language Was Literature Written in During the Middle Ages?
Primarily in Latin.
What Are the First Literary Works Preserved in Romance Languages?
The jarchas.
What Is the Subject of Jarchas?
They are typically love songs.
With What Other Early Lyric Poems Do Jarchas Share This Theme?
They share similarities with the cantigas de amigo (songs of my friend) in Galician-Portuguese and some Castilian villancicos.
What Type of Poetry Developed During the 15th Century?
A significant
Read MoreEconomic and Social Transformations in the 18th Century
Articles
Small-scale production (no technical innovations).
Organized in large workshops.
Capital: it puts the employer’s scale.
Workers receive a wage for work performed.
Control is outside the union.
It is the market that sets prices in manufacturing.
The form and stage of production is determined by each employer.
Home Industry
Dispersed cottage industry: not developed in a workshop, but is distributed among the peasants of a village or more.
The employer puts the capital, raw materials, and machinery.
Ancient Greece and Rome: Geography and History
Dark Age of Greece
We know very little about it over the years. The Greek alphabet appeared, and the polis was born. It was the most important social and political structure. Poleis were ruled by the most powerful citizens: the aristocracy. The two most important poleis were Athens and Sparta.
Introduction
Geography has always determined the history of nations. Greece is dominated by two main geographical features: sea and mountains. The mountain ranges sweep down from the center to the shore. The
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