BRICS Nations: Economic Growth and Development
BRICS: Understanding Their Rise and Impact
Why Were Brazil, Russia, India, and China Chosen?
These four countries, initially termed BRIC, were identified as potentially influential economies in the 21st century due to their:
- Large populations
- Younger demographic structure
- Increased productivity
- Rapid economic growth until 2015
Collectively, the BRIC nations:
- Comprise over 2.8 billion people (40% of the world’s population).
- Account for more than 25% of the global GDP.
- Cover over 25% of the world’s land area
Industrialization in Spain (1845-1890): Agriculture, Mining, and Energy
Industrialization in Spain (1845-1890)
1. Agriculture
During the nineteenth century, domestic product and agricultural production grew due to population growth.
Between 1800 and 1888, the area plowed grew, which decreased livestock. Most of the soil was used to grow grain, and Spanish weather conditions were hardly conducive to cereal production.
The evolution of the agricultural system was negative, as a lot of land had to be left fallow. Vineyards were followed by cereal crops.
As there was no major
Read MoreThe Old Regime: Society, Economy, and Politics in Pre-Revolutionary Europe
The Old Regime: Society, Economy, and Politics
1. The Agrarian Economy
1.1 Land Ownership
During the Old Regime, the name designating the former social, economic, and political system, agriculture was the most important source of wealth. This system emerged from the decomposition of medieval feudalism and remained in force in Europe until the liberal bourgeois revolutions. Very little land was considered private property; most were linked mainly to a title of nobility or the Church. The land in the
Read MoreUrbanization and Town Planning in Colonial India
Census Data and Urbanization in Colonial India
Q1. To what extent are census data useful in reconstructing patterns of urbanization in the colonial context?
Ans. Census data are very useful in reconstructing patterns of urbanization in the colonial context.
- These data are useful for knowing the exact number of the population, as well as the total population of whites and blacks.
- These data also tell us to what extent the total number of people or the total population had been adversely affected by fearful
Climatic Zones and Landscapes of Spain and the Earth
Atlantic Oceanic Landscape
Atlantic Oceanic Landscape: Northern Spain, a land and sea drenched in the Atlantic Cantabric.
- Climate: Influenced by the gentle sea. Cool summers with an average temperature of 20°C and warm winters with an average temperature of 10°C.
- Precipitation: Abundant all year.
- Landscape: Deciduous forests, such as oaks and chestnuts. Natural meadows are very wet areas where livestock graze.
- Settlements: Major cities cling to the coast. These are centers for coastal commercial and
Spain’s Service Economy and Transportation System
Spain’s Service Economy
The tertiary sector comprises activities designed to provide services to society. It is a heterogeneous sector that includes activities that are neither primary nor secondary. The causes of its growth are:
- Increasing living standards: Higher family income and purchasing power.
- Industry: Outsourcing and industrial development, especially since the 1960s, have boosted services like transport and finance.
- Rise in tourism: This has spurred growth in catering, trade, and transport.