Geography, Climate, and Culture of Continents
Oceania-Australia
Australia is a large country; its capital is Canberra. With a population of 20 million people, only 8% of the population are native Aborigines.
Climate Zones
- Equatorial: Hot and wet all year because of the equator and sea.
- Desert: Less than 250mm of rain a year due to mountain ranges.
- Mediterranean: Hot, dry summers and warm, wet winters.
Factors that Affect Climate
- Latitude and Altitude: Every 100m increase in height, 1ºC decreases in temperature.
- Distance from the sea: The sea moderates
Al-Andalus History: Key Events and Figures
The Rise of Al-Andalus
Who betrayed Rodrigo in Guadalete?
Some Visigothic nobles betrayed Rodrigo.
In what year did the Battle of Covadonga take place?
The Battle of Covadonga took place in 722.
Who led the Christian army in Covadonga?
Don Pelayo led the Christian army.
What do we call the first period of Al-Andalus?
The first period is known as the Dependent Emirate or Valiato (711-756).
Who was the last king of the Visigothic Kingdom?
Don Rodrigo was the last Visigothic king.
Who was the commander of the
Europe’s Transformation: Late Middle Ages to 15th Century
The Crisis of the 14th and 15th Centuries
During the 14th and part of the 15th century, Europe suffered a serious crisis. Among the causes of this crisis were years of poor harvests due to adverse weather and the cultivation of poor-quality land.
Consequences of the Crisis
- A reduction in population: The Black Death caused the population to fall by a third alone. This led to the abandonment of entire regions and a reduction in the workforce.
- Rural and urban rebellions: The economic situation of farmers
Iberian Peninsula in the Late Middle Ages: Art, Crisis, Wars
The Iberian Peninsula During the Late Middle Ages
1. Mudéjar and Nasrid Art
Mudéjar art was a style that mixed Muslim and Christian characteristics. An example of this art is the use of bricks, plaster, and tiles. In Teruel, we can find Mudéjar works such as the Tower of San Martín.
Nasrid art developed between the 13th and 14th centuries in the kingdom of Granada. Its most emblematic works were a series of palaces of the Muslim kings. In addition, this place stood out for developing some novel
Read MorePrimary Sector Activities: Farming, Forestry, Fishing, and Mining
What is Farming?
Farming is the practice of cultivating crops and raising animals to produce food and other raw materials.
What is Forestry?
Forestry is a primary sector activity focused on obtaining resources from forests, such as wood, paper, and cork.
What is Fishing?
Fishing is a primary sector activity that involves obtaining resources like fish, seafood, and coral from rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans.
What is Mining?
Mining is a primary sector activity based on the extraction of mineral resources
Read MoreEuropean Union: Institutions, Agriculture, and Fisheries Policies
The Institutions of the European Union
The EU comprises a series of supranational organizations, institutions that are above the state, and they are made up of representatives of these states.
- The European Council comprises the Heads of State or Government of Member States, accompanied by their respective Ministers of Foreign Affairs. It is in charge of defining the general guidelines for action and development.
- The Council of Ministers consists of representatives of the states that make up the EU.