Understanding Real Estate Taxes: Nature and Taxable Events

Article 61

Real estate tax is a direct tax of a real character. The taxable event consists of the ownership of real estate, both rural and urban, within the respective municipality. This includes ownership of a real right of usufruct or surface, or an administrative concession to such property or on public services to those who are affected, and the serious value of those properties.

Article 62

For the purposes of this tax, the following shall be considered real estate of an urban nature:

  • a) Urban land,
Read More

Economic & Social Impact of the Dictatorship

Economic Approaches

The Dictatorship’s practical economic policy was characterized by strong state intervention in all areas of the economy.

  • The control of the productive sectors and monitoring of economic activities.
  • Aid and subsidies to domestic firms.
  • The strengthening of protectionist tariffs to protect domestic products from foreign competition.
  • The increase in investment to finance road construction, water conservancy, and irrigation.
  • The creation of monopolies like Telefonica and Camps.

The results

Read More

Activity, Unemployment, and Economic Sectors in Spain

The economic structure of the population includes the study of the active population, those who contribute to the productive process, and the different economic sectors in which they are employed. The activity rate, which is the percentage of active individuals in a population, varies by sex, age, and region. The activity rate of women is generally lower than that of men, although it has been increasing over the past 20 years. In 2008, the overall activity rate was around 60%, with 69% for men and

Read More

Understanding Development: Goals, Indicators, and Concepts

Introduction to Development

Different people can have different developmental goals. What may be development for one may not be development for another. It may even be destructive for the other. For example, a dam may be a developmental goal for an industrialist, but the same dam can create havoc with the lives of people who need to be evacuated in the catchment area.

Different people have different developmental needs. These needs are based on their particular life situations. For example, for a

Read More

Urban Network Development: Pre-Industrial to Post-Industrial

Stages in the Formation of the Urban Network

Pre-Industrial Development

Rome marked the beginning of the urbanization process. The subsequent decline of the Roman Empire led to a phase of de-urbanization. In Andalusia, a Media Center has established itself as an urban spread. Following the discovery of America, the Atlantic gained prominence, shifting development westward. In the Early Modern period, key characteristics of settlements included:

  • A scattered population along the Atlantic coast.
  • Mid-size
Read More

Spanish Rural and Fisheries Landscapes: Evolution

Evolution of Rural Areas in Spain

GOD elevated products have prices, the existence of surpluses, environmental degradation, and depopulation of rural areas.

Uses of Rural Areas

Transformation and knowledge: Agriculture lost weight, livestock increased, and forestry production stabilized.

Agricultural Activities

Agriculture based on polyculture techniques resulted in delays because the poor performance was oriented towards production for self-consumption.

Changes:

  • Processed on-farm structure: mechanization,
Read More