Industrial Evolution: From Mechanization to Globalization
**Modern Industry**
- **Labor:** The first characteristic of modern industry is the prevalence of wage labor.
- **Mechanization:** The second is the use of machines, which began to use new energy sources to operate.
- **Division of Labor:** The third is the division of labor.
**Globalization of the Economy**
- Much production goes to market through global companies.
- Many large firms’ industrial processes are multinational.
- Production is also global.
The various tasks necessary to produce a product are separated,
Read MoreUrbanization’s Impact on Family and City Life in Britain
Urbanization’s Impact on Family Structure
The function and the shape of the family were completely transformed by life in the industrial city. Ties between members of households loosened, and among the working class, the institution of marriage tended to break down.
Women’s Changing Roles
- Women of the upper and middle classes in Britain faced increasingly higher levels of isolation, although their lives were made easier by domestic maids who cooked, cleaned, and cared for young children on low wages.
Impacts of Human Activity on Wildlife and Ecosystems
Timber Harvesting
Deforestation is the large-scale destruction of forests by human action. It is advancing at a rate of about 17 million hectares per year. While the forest area is generally stabilized in Europe and North America, the rate of transition from old-growth forests to other forms in North America remains high. Deforestation affects the livelihoods of 200 to 500 million people who depend on forests for food, shelter, and fuel. Furthermore, deforestation and forest degradation can contribute
Read MoreSpain’s 19th Century Economic Transformation and Industrialization
Economic Transformations in 19th Century Spain
Confiscation, Agrarian Change, and Industrialization
The 19th-century Spanish economy experienced significant economic changes influenced by liberal ideology. However, it did not reach the level of other European countries, remaining largely agricultural and dependent on foreign powers by the end of the century.
The agricultural sector underwent a transformation in property ownership due to the abolition of the feudal regime and the process of confiscation.
Read MoreGeography, Climate, and Culture of Continents
Oceania-Australia
Australia is a large country; its capital is Canberra. With a population of 20 million people, only 8% of the population are native Aborigines.
Climate Zones
- Equatorial: Hot and wet all year because of the equator and sea.
- Desert: Less than 250mm of rain a year due to mountain ranges.
- Mediterranean: Hot, dry summers and warm, wet winters.
Factors that Affect Climate
- Latitude and Altitude: Every 100m increase in height, 1ºC decreases in temperature.
- Distance from the sea: The sea moderates
Al-Andalus History: Key Events and Figures
The Rise of Al-Andalus
Who betrayed Rodrigo in Guadalete?
Some Visigothic nobles betrayed Rodrigo.
In what year did the Battle of Covadonga take place?
The Battle of Covadonga took place in 722.
Who led the Christian army in Covadonga?
Don Pelayo led the Christian army.
What do we call the first period of Al-Andalus?
The first period is known as the Dependent Emirate or Valiato (711-756).
Who was the last king of the Visigothic Kingdom?
Don Rodrigo was the last Visigothic king.
Who was the commander of the