Understanding the Primary Sector: Agriculture to Fishing
Primary Sector Activities
The primary sector encompasses activities that involve the extraction and utilization of natural resources. These include agriculture, livestock farming, forestry, fishing, and mining.
Agricultural Space
Agricultural space emerges when humans modify the natural environment to cultivate crops and raise livestock. Several factors influence this space:
Physical Factors
- Climate: Temperature, precipitation, and adverse atmospheric agents play a crucial role.
- Relief: Sunny and shaded
Urban Plan Commentary: A City’s Spatial Evolution
Urban Plan Commentary
1. City Location
a) Environmental Context: Describe the city’s surroundings (e.g., river junctions, geographical features).
b) Specific Location: Precise location (e.g., hilltop, bay, plain). Explain the location’s significance (e.g., defense, commerce).
Example:
Location: Southern sub-plateau, along the Tagus River (water supply).
Location: Hilltop at a Tagus River bend (defensive).
2. Urban Morphology
2.1. Flatland Types
- Irregular (e.g., Toledo)
- Radiocentric (e.g., Vitoria)
- Orthogonal/
British Industrial Revolution: Causes, Demographic & Agricultural Shifts
Causes of the Revolution
Pre-industrial societies of the former regime or subsistence farming predominated, with a cottage industry facing serious technological barriers. The majority of the population had little purchasing power. Transportation was slow, and commerce was hampered by customs within each country.
Since the mid-eighteenth century, British regions like Lancashire, in England, experienced industrial concentration with the creation of numerous factories.
The development of textile and steel
Read MoreSpain’s Population Dynamics: From Old Regime to Modern Era
The Old Demographic Regime
Until the late eighteenth century, both in Europe and in Spain, population dynamics were characterized by slow vegetative growth. Although there was a high number of births, this was offset by a high rate of mortality brought about by numerous and frequent wars, epidemics of diseases such as plague or smallpox, starvation, and, in general, the low standard of living of the population.
During this period, population growth was determined by agricultural production, so that
Read MoreThe Middle Ages in Spain: Societal Shifts 14th-15th Centuries
Demographic, Economic, and Political Crisis
Throughout the fourteenth century, Spain experienced increased mortality. The five million inhabitants recorded in the peninsula at the end of the 13th century were drastically reduced due to severe famine. This famine was caused by crop failure, possibly a result of climate change, and numerous epidemics that ravaged Spain, brought by Genoese ships carrying infected rats and fleas. The area most affected by the Black Death was Catalonia, mostly Barcelona.
Read MoreUnderstanding Human Population Dynamics and Urban Structures
Demography: Understanding Human Population
Demography is the quantitative and statistical study of the human population.
Key Demographic Concepts and Documents
- Population Census: An official document published by the National Spanish Statistical Institute (INE) that sets out the country’s demographic data.
- Municipal Registry: A document prepared by municipalities which includes data on sex, age, marital status, economic activities of their inhabitants, and level of education.
- Civil Registry: A registry