Capital Gains Tax and Section 54 Exemptions India

Capital Gains and Exemptions — Section 54

Definition of Capital Gains

Capital Gains is defined in Section 45(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. It refers to the profit or gain arising from the transfer of a capital asset effected in the previous year. The capital gain is charged to tax in the assessment year immediately following the previous year in which the transfer took place.

Key Components of the Definition

  • Capital Asset (Section 2(14)): Property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected
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Advanced Consolidation Accounting and Equity Methods

Consolidation Notes and BCVR Entries

Step 2: BCVR Entries

Asset StatusNot SoldIf Sold – Current YearIf Sold – Prior Year
Inventory / General Assets Debit (DR) Asset
Credit (CR) BCVR
Credit (CR) Deferred Tax Liability (DTL)
Inventory:
DR Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
CR Income Tax Expense (ITE)
CR Transfer from BCVR
No entry here – BCVR transferred to Retained Earnings (Step 3)
Depreciable Assets If Accumulated Depreciation:
DR Accumulated Depreciation
CR Asset
CR DTL
CR BCVR

Following Years:
DR Depreciation
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Accounting Templates: Trial Balance, Entries & Financials

Adjusted Trial Balance Format

Debit Column:

  • Cash
  • Accounts Receivable
  • Interest Receivable
  • Notes Receivable (short-term)
  • Supplies
  • Prepaid Insurance
  • Prepaid Rent
  • Merchandise Inventory
  • Debt Investments (short-term)
  • Land
  • Buildings
  • Equipment
  • Vehicles
  • Patents
  • Copyrights
  • Trademarks
  • Goodwill
  • Dividends
  • Cost of Goods Sold
  • Wages Expense
  • Salaries Expense
  • Depreciation Expense — Buildings
  • Depreciation Expense — Equipment
  • Insurance Expense
  • Utilities Expense
  • Interest Expense
  • Supplies Expense
  • Rent Expense
  • Advertising Expense
  • Delivery Expense
  • Office
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UNC MAC 710 Exam 1 Cheat Sheet — High-Yield Financial Accounting

UNC MAC 710 — Exam 1 Comprehensive Cheat Sheet

(High-yield, exam-oriented, organized for quick review)


1. Income Statement & Comprehensive Income

Core Definitions

  • Net income = revenues + gains 6 expenses 6 losses

  • OCI = items excluded from net income by standards (e.g., unrealized AFS, FX translation, hedges, pension adjustments)

Comprehensive Income

Net income + OCI

Why Net Income Matters
  • Evaluates past performance

  • Predicts future performance

  • Assesses risk and cash flow persistence

Limitations
  • Excludes

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Essential Accounting Principles and Foundational Terminology

Essential Accounting Terminology and Principles

A

  • Accrual-Basis Accounting

    The accounting basis in which companies record transactions that change a company’s financial statements in the periods in which the events occur.

  • Accruals

    Adjusting entries for either accrued revenues or accrued expenses.

  • Accrued Expenses

    Expenses incurred but not yet paid in cash or recorded.

  • Accrued Revenue

    Revenues for services performed but not yet received in cash or recorded.

  • Adjusted Trial Balance

    A list of accounts and their

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AS-14 Amalgamation Accounting: Merger vs. Purchase

Accounting Treatment of Amalgamation as per AS-14

Accounting Standard (AS) 14, ‘Accounting for Amalgamations,’ issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI), prescribes the accounting treatment for amalgamations. The standard classifies amalgamations into two types, which determines the appropriate accounting method to be used by the Transferee Company (the acquiring/new company).

I. Types of Amalgamation

AS-14 distinguishes between two types of amalgamation based on the conditions

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