English Grammar Rules: Tenses, Conditionals, and Speech
English Grammar Rules
Present Perfect Progressive
Subject + have/has (have not/has not) + been + verb + -ing
Example: She has been travelling.
Present Perfect
Subject + have/has + verb (past participle – third column)
Past Progressive
Subject + was/were (was not/were not) + verb + -ing
Conditionals
Zero Conditional
Actions that are always true.
If + simple present, simple present
Use if or when.
Example: If I study a lot, I pass the exam. / When I study a lot, I pass the exam.
First Conditional
The result of a
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English Grammar Essentials
1. Present Simple
Particles: always, every day, every week, sometimes, ever, never, usually, often.
2. Present Continuous
Particles: at the moment, now, right now, today, these days.
3. Past Simple
Particles: last year/week/night, in the past, yesterday.
4. Past Continuous
Particles: last night, at + a specific time.
When + past simple, while + past continuous.
5. Future Tense
Will: Actions that are certain to occur.
Be going to: Future intention (later, tomorrow).
6. Present Perfect
Used
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It seems that with the wars unfolding, we have forgotten important lessons. It’s as if history is repeating itself. When will we learn? When will humanity wake up and realize that we cannot continue building on a sinking foundation?
If we do not learn from history, we are condemned to repeat it, as happened with Hitler and the abhorrent refugee camps for Jews, where millions died, especially children deprived of medical attention. Today, refugees are again fleeing war-torn countries due to various
Read MoreClassroom Instructions: Useful Phrases for Teachers
Common Classroom Instructions
This document provides a list of frequently used instructions in the classroom.
Getting Started
Come in / Go out | Point to… | Put… in the right order. |
Verb Alternations: Middle, Conative, and More
Verb Alternations
The Middle Alternation
The middle alternation involves a change in a verb’s transitivity (e.g., Emily broke the laptop – Laptops break easily). Verbs that allow the middle alternation express the bringing about of a change of state in the verb’s object. Verbs like “pat,” “touch,” and “see” do not allow this alternation. It derives from a transitive verb, and the verb has active morphology. The subject corresponds to the logical object of a verb (i.e., patient). Transitive
Read MoreEnglish Grammar Tenses and Verb Forms Explained
English Grammar: Tenses and Verb Forms
Present Perfect Simple
Used to describe actions or states that began in the past and continue to the present, past actions that have effects on the present, or past experiences.
Past Perfect Simple
Used to describe actions that happened before another action in the past, or to express an action that had occurred before a specific moment in the past.
Present Perfect Continuous
Used to highlight the duration of an action up to the present moment, to describe actions
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