Conditional Sentences, Passive Voice, Modals, and More
Conditionals
- Zero Conditional: If/When/Unless + Present Simple – Present Simple/ modal + base form.
- If asteroids are tiny, they are hard to detect.
- First Conditional: If/Unless + Present Simple – Future Simple/imperative/modal + base form.
- If the weather is good, the spaceship will take off tomorrow.
- If you need help, please contact us.
- If the car breaks down, we can’t go on holiday.
- Second Conditional: If/Unless + Past Simple – would/could/might + base form.
- If an asteroid crashed into Earth, it
Common English Phrases and Idioms
Common English Phrases
- Windward: Facing the wind or on the side facing the wind.
Ex: On the windward leg of the yacht race, the wind was strong. - From the outset: From the very beginning.
Ex: It was clear from the outset that there were going to be problems. - Excruciatingly: Extremely.
Ex: His poetry is excruciatingly bad. - Over the top: So extreme or exaggerated that it seems offensive.
Ex: His speech was a bit over the top. - Riveting: Fascinating.
Ex: He gave a riveting performance. - Flat: A flat book,
Master English Grammar: Verb Tenses and Modals
Future with “Going To”
“Going to” is used when talking about future intentions, for example, “I’m going to eat more fruit.” The structure is: be + going to + base form of the verb.
- Affirmative: Subject + verb to be + going to + verb infinitive
- Negative: Subject + verb to be + not + going to + verb infinitive
- Question: Verb to be + subject + going to + verb infinitive
The phrase “going to” indicates future actions with evidence or prior knowledge. For example, “My sister is going to have a baby. It’s
Read MoreKey Vocabulary for Crime and Detective Fiction
Crimes and Criminals
- Crime: An illegal action. Someone who committed a crime is a criminal.
- Murder: The crime of deliberately killing someone.
- Thief: Someone who steals something.
- Fraud: The crime of obtaining money from someone by tricking them.
Investigation and Legal Terms
- Detective: A senior police officer whose job is to try to discover information about a crime.
- Case: A crime that the police are investigating.
- Fingersprint: A mark on something that you have touched that shows the pattern of lines
Brave New World: Conditioning, Society, and Characters
Conditioning and Sleep-Teaching in Brave New World
Examples of conditioning in Brave New World include the conditioning of children with flowers and books, and sleep-teaching. Children are conditioned to align with the Company’s morality. Sleep-teaching was discovered before Ford and was already in use in scientific fields, but it was not effective. Before Ford, it was tested by the Moral area and found to be effective, but it was prohibited.
Societal Structure: Love, Politics, Health, Feelings
In
Read MoreCity vs. Country Life: 10 Key Differences
1. Pace of Life
London is a bustling metropolis; there is always hustle and bustle, and the pace of life is super fast in every way. People run to get to their jobs and their homes, while in the countryside, people take their time to do things. Public transportation in London is much more frequent than in the countryside, where it is more delayed.
2. Operating Hours
In London, many establishments have late-night hours, and some are open 24/7. In the countryside, things are not like that. Businesses
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