Catalan Literature Under Franco: Suppression and Resilience
Catalan Literature Under Franco
1. In early 1938, Minister of Interior Severiano Martinez Anido banned the public use of languages and dialects other than Spanish. Franco’s regime caused a complete break in linguistic standardization and cultural development.
The war’s end led to the extinction of republican institutions and the systematic elimination of cultural agencies. The post-war intellectual landscape was catastrophic. Catalan culture suffered an intense process of ‘espanyolització’ (Castilianization)
Read More15th Century Spanish Literature: Key Authors and Movements
15th Century Spain: A Time of Change
The fifteenth century was a time of significant change for Spain. After internal crises in the kingdoms of Aragon and Castile, and the Hundred Years’ War, things improved politically with the marriage of Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. During their reign, critical events took place, such as the end of the Reconquista and the discovery of America. This era saw trade development and the growth of cities, favoring the bourgeoisie. Culture became a
Read MoreDualism and Naturalism in 19th-Century Realist Novels
Religious and Ideological Dualism
One of the major themes in realist and naturalist novels is the clash between different conceptions of the world, offering a dualistic approach to life. One of the most prominent dualisms is shown through the confrontation between clericalism and anticlericalism. The defense or attack on religion often focuses on the clergy that officially represents it. Moreover, the political vision of the literary message was also observed after 1868, and authors reveal their
Read MoreCatalan Language: Eastern Dialects and Their Features
Catalan Eastern Dialects: Phonetic, Morphosyntactic, and Lexical Traits
General Phonetic Traits
- **Neutralization of unstressed /a/, /e/, /o/, /u/:** “Bridge” (pont) and “roof” (teulat) are pronounced as “puntet.”
- **Closed /e/ and /o/ from Vulgar Latin (including an intermediate neutral vowel, still present in Balearic):** “Clean” (net), “cold” (fred), “onion” (ceba), “pear” (pera), “hair” (cabells).
- **Intervocalic or final /d/ is not pronounced when not preceded by [j]:** “Lame” [koiʃ].
General Morphosyntactic
Read MoreSpanish Literary Movements: Realism, Modernism, and the Generation of ’98
Spanish Literary Realism
Journalistic Genres: Information, Interpretation, and Opinion
Kinds of Information and Interpretation
These elements combine informative journalistic genres with the author’s personal assessment:
- Chronicle: Refers to events in one day, although it often seeks information about consequences.
- Background: Appears linked to the interpretation of the journalist.
- Interpretative Reportage: Distinguished from a chronicle in that it covers events occurring at different times and related to each other.
- Assessment: Differentiates it from an informative news report.
- Profile