Grice’s Cooperative Principle: Maxims and Implications
Grice’s Cooperative Principle
Grice, a philosopher, authored a highly influential article in pragmatics. Unlike many of his contemporaries in the 1940s-50s who focused on logic, Grice believed communication was more complex than logic alone.
Grice’s Main Contributions to Pragmatics
- Intentionality: Speakers have intentions, and listeners must identify them.
- Communication: A cooperative task between participants.
Grice in “Logic and Conversation” (1975)
Grice’s Cooperative Principle:
“Make your conversational
Read MoreSecond Language Acquisition: Methods and Theories
Incidental Language Learning
Incidental Language Learning is used to describe the extent to which exposure to the target language (TL) outside the classroom may lead to its knowledge and acquisition. There are three types: self-directed learning, incidental learning, and socialization or tacit learning.
- Formal learning: Regular language classes attended either voluntarily or as an academic requirement. Takes place in a formal (physical or virtual) context.
- Non-formal learning: Use of professionally
Understanding Discourse and Textuality in Communication
Discourse and Language in Context
Discourse is language in context, given in a social context, and involves interaction.
- Channel (Spoken, Written)
- Agent (Monologue, Dialogue, Multilogue)
- Register (Formal, Informal)
- Social Context
- Purpose (Transactional, Interactional)
- Context
- Embedded, Reduced
- Setting: Physical interaction
- Behavioral Environment: Kinesics
- Language: Co-text
- Extrasituational
- Genre (Instructive, Narrative, Descriptive, Persuasive, Informative, Expository)
Text forms are the representation of text
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