The Television Production Process: From Control Room to Post-Production
THE CONTROL ROOM
A room adjacent to the studio, separate from the institutions, coordinates all production activities. This is where the director, assistant director, producer, production assistants, and mixer are located. This room receives and processes all signals to form the program that will be taped or broadcast live. The television control room need not be adjacent to the set or have direct visual contact with it, but it should not be too far away to avoid excessively long cables. This room
Read MorePipelining and Cache Performance: Speedup Calculation and Optimization
Pipelining and Speedup Calculation
Given a non-pipelined architecture running at 2.5GHz that takes 5 cycles to finish an instruction. You want to make it pipelined with 5 stages. The increase in hardware forces you to run the machine at 2GHz.
The only stalls are caused by:
- Memory stalls: (30% of total instructions) a stall of 50 cycles happens in 2% of the memory instructions.
- Branch stalls: (20% of total instructions) a stall of 2 cycles happens in 20% of the branch instructions.
What is the speedup?
Read MoreA Guide to Understanding Grammaticalization and Language Change
Grammaticalization
Grammaticalization is the historical process whereby lexical items, over time, acquire a new status as grammatical or morphosyntactic forms. In this process, they come to code relations that either were not coded before or were coded differently.
Examples:
- Old English (OE) hād (‘state, quality’) → Present-Day English (PdE) -hood (derivational suffix)
- OE līc (‘body’) → PdE -ly (derivational suffix)
- Latin habēre → Spanish hás (‘to have’) → (tu comprar)-ás (‘you will buy’
Satellite TV Reception and Distribution Systems
Satellite TV Reception
Capabilities of Satellite TV
Satellite TV reception offers several advantages:
- Reception of numerous channels in various languages.
- Access to TV programs and channels in areas with challenging terrestrial signal reception.
- Catering to the demands of individuals residing abroad who speak specific languages.
Geostationary Orbit
Satellites are positioned in a geostationary equatorial orbit, where the Earth’s gravitational pull and centrifugal rotation are balanced. This orbit is located
Read MoreUnderstanding Signal Acquisition Systems: Antennas and Preamplifiers
Signal Acquisition Systems: Antennas and Preamplifiers
Antennas
An antenna is an open oscillatory circuit that transforms energy into electrical oscillations. It transmits and receives electromagnetic waves, converting electrical signals into waves and vice versa. It acts as the final element in wave emission and the initial element in signal reception.
Types of Signals
- Radio & TV (Analog and Digital)
- Analog FM Radio (designed for mobile reception with high power)
- DAB Digital Radio (designed for stationary
Acoustic Noise Control: A Comprehensive Guide for Buildings
Acoustic Intensity
By definition, the difference in intensity between two sound waves is measured in Bels. If the ratio is 10, the difference is 1 Bel. When compared to a reference intensity, the number of decibels (dB) for each intensity level defines its intensity on a scale where the zero level (0 dB) corresponds to the reference intensity. This reference intensity is typically taken as the average threshold of human perception at 1000 Hz.
Sound Perception
The magnitude of the sensation of sound
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