Fundamentals of Television Signals
Differences: Interlaced vs Non-Interlaced Scan
Interlaced: The lines of the image are displayed on the screen by interleaving pairs on one side and odd on the other side.
Non-Interlaced: The lines are all displayed in order.
Differences Between Lines, Field, and Image
The image is divided into horizontal lines; each of these horizontal lines consists of points.
Why a Field Has 312.5 TV Lines
This is explained for several reasons. The first is that each field appears in the middle of the first line and
Read MoreAudio System Components Explained
Sound Basics
Sound: the sensation produced in the ear by sound waves. The human ear distinguishes 3 qualities: loudness, pitch, and timbre.
Audio Sources
Audio sources generate sound signals. These include analog tuners (AM, FM) and digital tuners (DAB).
Source Features
- Distortion: Harmonic distortion (THD) is the most important. It is measured in percentage (%). The lower the value, the better the sound quality.
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio: Measured in dB. The higher this value, the less noise is introduced
Wireless Communication Techniques: OFDM, Diversity, and Propagation
Wireless Communication Techniques
1️⃣ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Definition:
OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) technique where the total bandwidth is divided into multiple orthogonal subcarriers to reduce Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and enhance data transmission efficiency.
Block Diagram:
Transmitter:
Input Data → Serial-to-Parallel → Modulation (QAM/PSK) → IFFT → Cyclic Prefix Addition → Parallel-to-Serial → TransmissionReceiver:
Received Signal → Serial-Tipos de Textos y Procesos de Comunicación
Textos Periodísticos: Información y Opinión
Ofrecen información u opiniones objetivas sobre temas de actualidad. Poseen características propias que los distinguen de otros textos.
Textos Informativos
Reportan de manera objetiva y clara sobre hechos de actualidad. La objetividad e imparcialidad son sus rasgos más importantes.
Características:
- Objetividad e imparcialidad
- Léxico de nivel medio
- Sintaxis sencilla
- Estilo impersonal
- Estructura de pirámide invertida
Subgéneros Informativos:
- Noticia
- Entrevista
- Crónica
Textos
Read MoreUnderstanding Telephone Networks: Technologies and Components
Currently, basic telephone lines are analog, but once the signal reaches the operator, it is digitized and transmitted between different operators in the network core, making it digital. It only changes back to analog when the signal is sent to the receiver.
Today’s RTB (basic telephony network) consists of switching centers and links that unite subscribers. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) began as an attempt to develop a digital line connecting with power users. The subscriber loop
Read MoreComputer Fundamentals: Definition, Uses, History, Components
What Is a Computer?
A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming. Modern computers have the ability to follow generalized sets of operations, called programs. These programs enable computers to perform an extremely wide range of tasks. A “complete” computer including the hardware, the operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment required and used for “full” operation can be referred to
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