Microwave Technology: Applications, Devices, and Transmission Lines
Applications of Microwaves||Common applications (any 5–6 can be written)||–
Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging)||– Satellite communication||– Terrestrial microwave links (point-to-point communication)||–
Microwave ovens (domestic and industrial heating)||– Remote sensing and radiometry||– Medical applications (diathermy, cancer treatment, imaging)||– Radio astronomy and deep-space communication||– Military EW (jamming, guidance, seekers)||Brief explanation of any two:||1.Radar (Radio Detection
Essential Components and Transmission Modes in Communication Systems
Fundamentals of Data Communication Systems
Data Transmission Modes
These modes define the directionality of data flow between devices:
- Simplex Communication: If the roles of transmitter and receiver are clearly defined, data transmission is always carried out in one direction from sender to receiver. Example: Television (TV) broadcasting.
- Half-Duplex Communication: Communication may be bidirectional, but it cannot be simultaneous. Example: Two-way radio.
- Full-Duplex Communication: Two-way simultaneous
Workshop
We say that there is a surge when the nominal voltage of 220VAC, a certain percentage goes up and stays there for a certain period of time say that there are tensions Low Low voltage when the nominal value of 220 VAC, low a percentage and maintained at that value over a period of time peaks, transients and electrical noise or transient spikes appear in the power line for example when switched on or off electric motors. It appears as a very sudden surge of very high value during a tiny period of
Read MoreDigital Modulation and Data Transmission Methods
Modulation is called the transaction by which certain characteristics of a wave called a carrier, be modified in light of another wave called modules, which contains information
The modulation process requires two signals, Modules and carriers, and as a result generates a third signal, called the modulated signal.
The carrier signal parameters that are affected by the information are: MODULATION
FSK
MODULATION DIGITAL-ANALOG
FSK (modulation frequency shift): It changes the carrier frequency depending
Read MoreEffective Lesson Planning and Behavioral Verbs for Teachers
The Art of Effective Lesson Planning
Who needs lesson planning? You might! Lesson planning is a special skill that is learned much like any other. It is one thing to surf the internet and retrieve lesson plans from other sites; it is quite another to have the skill to develop your own.
Think of a lesson plan as a way of communicating. Lesson plans help new or inexperienced teachers organize content, materials, and methods. When you are learning the craft of teaching, organizing your subject matter
Read MoreCore Principles of Electric Circuit Theory
Thevenin’s Theorem
Thevenin’s theorem states that any linear, bilateral network with voltage sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source (called Thevenin voltage, Vth) in series with a single resistance (called Thevenin resistance, Rth) when viewed from the terminals of the load.
Steps to Find Thevenin’s Equivalent
- Remove the load resistor (the part across which you want to find the equivalent).
- Find the open-circuit voltage across the load