Magnetic Fields and Materials: Properties and Applications
Magnetic Hysteresis
Magnetic hysteresis occurs when a ferromagnetic material is subjected to a changing magnetic field. As the external field increases and then decreases to zero, the magnetization of the material follows a different path, forming a loop. This loop represents the energy lost due to hysteresis.
Action of a Magnetic Field on a Current
When a conductor carrying an electric current is placed within a magnetic field, a voltage is induced across the conductor’s ends, and a force acts upon
Read MoreUnderstanding Diodes: Types, Function, and Applications
Diodes: An Introduction
A diode (Greek: two roads) is a semiconductor device that allows the passage of electric current in one direction, with characteristics similar to a switch. In simple terms, the characteristic of a diode (IV) consists of two regions: below a certain potential difference, it behaves like an open circuit (no leads), and above it as a closed circuit with a very small electrical resistance.
Because of this behavior, diodes are often referred to as rectifiers. They are devices that
Read MoreCapacitors: Understanding Electrical Energy Storage
Capacitors
In electricity and electronics, a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy, a passive component. It consists of a pair of conductive surfaces positioned to influence each other totally (that is, all electric field lines that start from one go to the other). These surfaces are usually in the form of tables, fields, or plates, separated by a dielectric material (used in a capacitor to reduce the electric field because it acts as an insulator) or by a vacuum. Following a difference
Read MoreCar Suspension Systems: Components and Types
Parts of the Suspension
The suspension system is composed of several key components:
- Spring action system: Springs, leaf springs, torsion bars, pneumatic ball systems.
- Damping of oscillations: Shock absorbers (buffers).
Dynamics of Suspension
- Roll center: An imaginary point at which lateral forces acting on the wheels are transmitted to resist the action of centrifugal force.
- Center of gravity: The imaginary point where all the mass of the vehicle is located, and where both terrestrial gravity and dynamic
Compact Disc Technology: In-Depth Technical Analysis
Linear and Angular Speed
The linear speed of the disc must be very precise. To start reading in the center of the disk, the angular speed is 500 rpm. As the beam moves outside the disc, the shaft speed decreases to 200 rpm, as the linear speed remains constant.
The Pickup
Compact disc reading requires optoelectronic elements that enable the broadcasting of the light source, the fitness, and focus that focus on the pit and reflected light detection, which allows reading and correction of errors. It
Read MoreProperties and Uses of Metals in Engineering
Iron
Iron has high thermal and electrical conductivity and is a special magnetic element. It exhibits great malleability and ductility, with a fusion temperature of 1537ºC. However, it is vulnerable to oxidation.
Aluminum
Aluminum is soft and has low mechanical strength. Its fusion temperature is relatively low, between 650ºC and 750ºC. Aluminum is frequently used in light alloys to achieve the minimum weight possible with acceptable mechanical strength. It is combined with magnesium and titanium
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