Material Mechanical Property Testing

Shock Testing

Shock trials distort the fragility or ability of a material to absorb instantaneous loads. They check if a machine or structure fails or becomes brittle under working conditions.

Charpy Methods

Flexion by shock on simply supported bars. The specimens are placed flat on the machine with the notch opposite to the impact point.

Izod Methods

Flexion by shock on an embedded bar. The cantilever specimen is placed in a vertical position with the notch facing the impact.

Fatigue Testing

Fatigue is

Read More

Basic Electrical Engineering Core Concepts

Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Short Questions

1. Define Voltage, Current, and Power

i) Voltage:

  • Definition: Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It represents the energy required to move a unit charge between those points.
  • Unit: Volt (V)

ii) Current:

  • Definition: Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor or circuit. It measures how many charges pass through a point in a given time.
  • Unit: Ampere (A)

iii) Power:

  • Definition:
Read More

Steel Tempering: Enhancing Hardened Steel Properties

Tempering is a heat treatment following the hardening of steel. Its purpose is to reduce internal tensions within the piece, tensions created by strain hardening or cold working. It improves mechanical properties by reducing brittleness and slightly decreasing hardness. This effect is more pronounced at higher tempering temperatures. Tempering also aims to eliminate internal or residual stresses left in the steel due to the tempering, laminating, or forging process.

Types of Tempering

There are three

Read More

Electronics Essentials: Op-Amps, Transformers, and AC Circuits

Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile components in electronics, commonly used for various applications including amplification, addition, integration, and differentiation. Here’s how they function in each of these roles:

Op-Amp as an Amplifier

An op-amp can be configured as a non-inverting or inverting amplifier.

  • Non-Inverting Amplifier: The input signal is applied to the non-inverting terminal. The output is in phase with the input and is amplified based on the gain formula: Gain = 1 +
Read More

Metals, Alloys, and Steels: Properties and Applications

Metals and Alloys: Properties and Types

General Properties of Metallic Materials

Physical Properties

Metallic materials typically have high melting points (Tm), are good heat and electrical conductors, and possess medium thermal expansion coefficients.

Mechanical Properties

Metallic materials are ductile (though generally less so than polymers), exhibit high tensile strength, and possess high toughness.

Chemical Properties

Metallic materials are often highly reactive, particularly susceptible to oxidation

Read More

Understanding LCD Panels, TFT Viewers, and Trinitron Screens

LCD Panel Driver Functions

The functions associated with an LCD panel driver include:

  • Generation of polarization
  • Driving voltages
  • Addressing of the array

TFT Viewer and MOS Transistors

In a TFT (Thin-Film Transistor) viewer, MOS transistors are placed behind the liquid crystal, associated with a capacitor, forming a new layer in a matrix.

Electromagnetic Deflection Principle

Electromagnetic deflection involves electrodes that move an electron beam to sweep across the screen. These devices are mounted on

Read More