Understanding Linear, Volumetric Expansion, and Essential Hand Tools
Linear Expansion
Different substances exhibit varying degrees of expansion. Dilation specifies the change in length of a substance per degree Celsius (°C) of temperature change. Its units are (units of length) / (°C). It’s low in poor conductors of heat and high in good conductors of heat.
Formula:
(Lf – Lo) = (Tf – To) . Lo . h
Where:
- Lf = Final Length
- Lo = Original Length
- Tf = Final Temperature
- To = Original Temperature
- h = coefficient of linear expansion
Everything should be reduced to mm.
Formula 2:
Lf
Read MoreMaterial Science: Plastics, Textiles, Ceramics, and Stone
Material Science: An Overview
Plastics
Plastics are classified as:
- Thermoplastics: Obtained from oil-derived compounds, they soften when heated.
- Thermosets: Formed by chains linked strongly in different directions, they become rigid and can only be heated once.
- Elastomers: Obtained by vulcanization (invented by Charles Goodyear), they consist of chains attached laterally and folded back on themselves.
Plastic Co-formation Techniques
Common co-formation techniques used include:
- Extrusion: Thermoplastic material
Capacitors and Electric Current: Understanding the Basics
Capacitors
A capacitor is a device capable of storing electric energy.
Capacitance
Capacitance is a property associated with each capacitor and measures the storage capacity of the electric charge when a potential difference is applied to its plates. Capacitance depends on several factors: the distance between the conductors, the size of the conductors, the voltage between them, and the dielectric between the objects.
Dielectric
A dielectric is an insulating material placed between the plates of the
Read MorePrecision Measuring Tools and Their Applications
Combination Square
Inventor: Laroy Starrett invented the combination square in 1887.
The combination square is one of the most practical and versatile tool inventions worldwide – the basic tool of every builder and professional. As the name suggests, this instrument can be used for many different purposes. It replaces a full set of fixed brackets: mean square, depth gauge, height gauge, tracer gauge, level, and plumb. It can also be used as an accurate ruler by removing the blade. This prevents overloading
Read MoreMechanical Properties of Materials: Ferrous Metals & Testing
Mechanical Properties of Materials
Elasticity
The ability of a material to regain its original form after the deforming force is removed.
Plasticity
The ability of a material to retain its new shape after being deformed.
Ductility
The ability of a material to be stretched into threads or wires.
Malleability
The ability of a material to be spread into thin sheets.
Hardness
The resistance a material offers to being scratched or penetrated by another material (wear resistance).
Fragility
The tendency of a material
Read MoreAC Electrical Machines: Synchronous Motors
AC Electrical Machines
Synchronous Motors and Generators
AC electrical machines are classified into two main types:
- Synchronous motors and generators: The coil inductor current is supplied by a separate source of direct current (DC).
- Induction motors: The inductor winding current is provided by magnetic induction.
Differences Between AC and DC Machines
The location of the coils and inductors differs depending on the type of machine. In an AC machine, there is no electrical connection between the rotor
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