Marketing, Accounting, and Finance Essentials
Marketing Essentials
The 4 P’s of Marketing: Price, Place, Promotion. Making effective decisions about which “medium” to use to promote your product is essential. The decision will be influenced by:
- The target audience
- Size of the market
Types of Promotion
- Loyalty programs: Marketing efforts that reward a person for frequent purchases and the consumption of offerings.
- Coupons: A voucher entitling the holder to a discount off a particular product.
- Discounts: Deduction of the price of something.
- Mobile
Understanding the 2008 Financial Crisis and Its Lessons
Understanding the 2008 Financial Crisis
The Crisis of 2008 will probably be the most important macroeconomic event of our lives. So, it is very important for each of us to understand what happened, why things went wrong, and the lessons that need to be learned from the experience. This crisis is a story about lower mortgage credit standards, loans extended with little or no down payment, manipulation of short-term interest rates by the Federal Reserve System, and imprudent leveraging of mortgage-
Read MoreEconomics Analysis: Trade, GDP, Inflation, and Policy
Question 1: International Trade Analysis
(a) Opportunity Costs and Comparative Advantage
(i) Opportunity cost of producing corn:
- Nebraskia: 25 cars = 800 units of corn → Opportunity cost = 800/25 = 32 units of corn per car.
- Michigaland: 200 cars = 1000 units of corn → Opportunity cost = 1000/200 = 5 units of corn per car.
(ii) Opportunity cost of producing cars:
- Nebraskia: 25 cars = 800 units of corn → Opportunity cost = 25/800 = 1/32 cars per unit of corn.
- Michigaland: 200 cars = 1000 units of corn
Commercial Management & Operations
Commercial Management
Commercial management refers to the activities of for-profit organizations. These organizations have various business areas or departments, including administration, production, planning, safety and hygiene, quality control, distribution and transport, and commercial.
Buying and Selling
A commercial contract is one in which the vendor (a person or entity owning something) agrees to deliver property to another person (the buyer), and the buyer agrees to pay an agreed-upon price.
Read MoreEuropean Central Bank: Monetary Policy and Inflation
The European Central Bank (ECB) and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB)
The European Central Bank (ECB) was established in 1998, according to the Treaty on European Union, to support the euro. The ECB and the national central banks of EU member countries form the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), led by the ECB itself. Its guiding function is to define and implement the single monetary policy in countries that have adopted the euro as their currency. All countries of the European Union
Read MoreEconomic Cycles: Inflation, Housing, and Oil Impact
Cyclical Inflation
When there’s high unemployment, stocks piling up in warehouses, and low production levels, the European Central Bank (ECB) might inject cash into the economy. The president of the ECB achieves this by buying government bonds from the capital market. This sale provides banks with high cash reserves. However, cash earns low interest compared to other assets, so banks prefer to lend it out.
Banks then offer businesses attractive loan deals, encouraging expansion. After expanding, the
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