Funding Options for New Businesses: ICO Loans & More
Funding Options for New Businesses
The Official Credit Institute (ICO) aims to support companies exceeding the critical period of their first two years. The characteristics of these loans are:
- Repayment terms: Three, five, or seven years.
- Interest rate: May be fixed or variable.
- Request: Made at the offices of major banks and savings institutions.
- Granting: Must respect the ceilings and are compatible with assistance received from autonomous communities.
Mutual Guarantee Schemes Refinancing (SGR)
Mutual
Read MoreBusiness Ownership and Entrepreneurship in India
Ownership Structure
Ownership structure refers to the framework that defines how a business is owned and managed.
Major Types of Ownership Structures:
a) Sole Proprietorship
- Owned and managed by a single person.
- The owner has full control over decision-making.
- Profits and losses are entirely borne by the proprietor.
- Unlimited liability: Personal assets can be used to cover business debts.
- Examples: Small shops, individual service providers (doctors, consultants).
b) Partnership
- Owned by two or more people
The 1929 Crash and the New Deal: Economic Recovery
The 1929 Crash and the “New Deal”
4.1. The Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression
Many investors were aware that stock prices were much higher than their actual value. Distrust spread among investors, and on October 24, 1929 (Black Thursday), a large sell-off affected the New York Stock Exchange. Suddenly, everyone wanted to sell their shares, and no one wanted to buy.
The wide range of actions caused the value to fall and crash, triggering the stock market crash of 1929. Many investors were ruined,
Read MoreKey Elements of Customer Service Excellence
Key Elements of Customer Service
1) Dependability:
- Ensuring product availability when the customer wants to purchase.
- Meeting promised delivery dates, fulfilling orders accurately, and providing accurate billing statements.
- Being a reliable partner that consistently does what it promises.
2) Time:
- Refers to the order cycle.
- Focuses on the time it takes for goods to be delivered after an order is placed.
3) Convenience:
- Includes aspects like order accessibility, convenient pick-up and delivery hours, frequent
Economic Doctrines and Systems: A Comparative Analysis
Economic Doctrines
Physiocracy
Physiocracy divides society into three classes:
- Farmers: Those who increase the country’s wealth and secure a net product (the fruits of the earth).
- Landowners: Considered privileged by nature, their rights are sacred and untouchable.
- Sterile Class: Limited to transforming, selling, or consuming the fruits of the earth.
Keynote speaker: François Quesnay. The best form of government is considered to be despotism.
Core Tenets:
- Human intervention in nature is seen as disruptive
Investment Analysis & Financial Market Dynamics
Simulation & Investment Decisions
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity analysis considers changes in variables, with only one change in each simulation. It provides a tool to answer “what if” questions (key variables: units sold, selling price). By comparing changes in different variables, we can assess project risks and make decisions accordingly.
Scenario Analysis
Scenario analysis considers changes in two or more variables simultaneously. It allows us to consider the best and worst-case scenarios.
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