New Product Development and Consumer Adoption Process
Consumer Product Adoption
Not all consumers have the same reaction when they “discover” a new product on the market. Some subjective aspects will appear on the first NPD (New Product Development) step of launching. Several factors influence the adoption process that comes from the recognition of the novelty (awareness) up to the first purchase (trial) and final adoption in a routine way of consumption.
Consumer Adoption Process:
- Awareness
- Interest
- Evaluation
- Trial
- Adoption
Some of these factors to be considered
Read MoreFinancial Analysis: Dividends, Cash Flows, and Investment Valuation
Chapter 20: Dividends
If dividend is not annuity then
dividend = cash for dividend / shares-outstanding, Share price of stock = value of firm / shares-outstanding or Dividend 1 / 1+cost of equity + dividend 2/ 1+ cost of equity ^2. if person owns x amount of shares and desire x amount of income at end of specific year. you multiply dividend of that year x Current shares = Current income for year. if he needs more money you calculate share price year after the year end, which is cash flow / 1+cost
Read MoreFinancial Accounting: A Comprehensive Guide to Recording, Reporting, and Analyzing Financial Transactions
Bookkeeping: Recording Financial Transactions
Bookkeeping is the process of recording financial transactions, including sales, purchases, income, and payments. It is typically performed by a bookkeeper, who is responsible for maintaining day-to-day financial records.
Accounting: Communicating Financial Information
Accounting is the art of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. Accountants create reports based on the financial transactions
Read MoreMarketing and Business Strategy Guide
Marketing
identifies unfulfilled needs and desires. It defines, measures and quantifies the size of the identified market and the profit potential.
Business plan
is a written document that describes how a business (new or established) achieve its goal. It’s going to achieve its goals from a marketing, commercial, financial and operational view point. New economic cycle (adapt to market reality) and new strategic direction.
Marketing Plan
written document that supports the business plan objectives and
Read MoreUnderstanding Aggregate Demand and Equilibrium in Macroeconomics
T.3: Potential and Actual Output
Potential Output
The maximum output achievable within a given period using existing technology and fully employed resources is called the potential output level.
Actual Output
Actual output reflects real-world production. It can fall below potential output due to underutilized resources or inefficient resource allocation, even with full employment.
Business Expectations
Production decisions rely on entrepreneurs’ expectations of the future rather than solely on objective
Read MoreA Comprehensive Guide to Corporate Income Tax in Spain
1. General Concepts
1.1 What is Corporate Income Tax?
In Spain, legal entities such as companies, associations, and foundations fulfill their constitutional obligation to contribute through Corporate Income Tax (IS). The IS is regulated by Royal Decree 4/2004 of March 5, approving the revised text of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter TRLIS), and Royal Decree 1777/2004, of July 30, on the Council’s Rules (the RIS).
Article 1 of the TRLIS defines the IS as a direct and personal tax levied on the income
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