Financial Analysis and Economic Structure of a Company

Financial Function

Short-Term Goals

  • Liquidity – Solvency
  • Financial Analysis Tools
  • Budget Fund

Long-Term Targets

  • Financial Analysis
  • Analysis of Break-Even Point
  • Project Evaluation (NPV – IRR)

Financial and Economic Structure of the Company in the Financial Situation

Accounting Equation

Assets = Liabilities + Equity

  • Total Assets = Liabilities + Equity
  • Balance Sheet = General Situation showing assets and liabilities of the company.
  • From a financial standpoint, an asset is an investment, and a liability is the source
Read More

Accounting Principles, Concepts, and Systems

Accounting

Accounting is the process of examining, measuring, and analyzing a company’s assets to support decision-making and control. It involves presenting systematically recorded information in a useful format for stakeholders. Accounting techniques produce structured and valuable quantitative information, expressed in currency units, about an entity’s transactions and measurable economic events. This information is then provided to various stakeholders.

Accounting Principles

Duality

Accounting Duality

Read More

Understanding Marketing Channels: Strategies and Dynamics

Marketing Channels

What Work Do Marketing Channels Do?

Marketing channels act as intermediaries between manufacturers and customers (e.g., supermarkets, distributors). They exist because:

  • Many producers lack the financial resources for direct marketing.
  • Direct marketing isn’t feasible for some products (e.g., selling gum through 20,000 small shops).
  • Intermediaries can increase efficiency and reach target markets effectively due to their expertise, variety, location, etc.

Channel Functions and Flows

Channels

Read More

Commercial Representation, Agency, Distribution, Licensing, and Franchising: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Commercial Representation

A commercial representative promotes commercial operations in another country on behalf of the principal. They are employees of the principal and are paid a salary and expenses. The advantage of using a commercial representative is that the company has control over their transactions. However, the disadvantage is that they are foreigners in the country and may not be familiar with the local market.

2. Agency

An agency is a person or company that promotes commercial operations

Read More

Comprehensive Guide to Accounting Principles and Concepts

1.
Accounting Is the information system that measures business activities, processes the Information into reports, and communicates the results to decision makers.

Managerial Accounting provides information to internal decision makers

Financial Accounting provides information to external decision makers

The SEC is a US government agency that oversees the U.S. Financial markets

5.The Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) is a private organization that Oversees the creation and governance of accounting

Read More

Marketing: Creating Value for Customers and Building Strong Customer Relationships

Chapter 1: Introduction to Marketing, What is Marketing?process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in returnWhat are the steps in the marketing process?Understand the marketplace and customer needs and wants, Design a customer-driven marketing strategyConstruct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior valueBuild profitable relationships and create customer delightCapture value from customers

Read More