Understanding the 4 Conventions in Accounting

Introduction: The 4 Conventions in Accounting

What are Conventions?

Within the broad principles of accounting, conventions provide specific guidelines and limitations. They help clarify the application of these principles in recording and reporting financial transactions. In modern accounting, we adhere to four key conventions:

  1. The Convention of Consistency
  2. The Convention of Conservatism
  3. The Convention of Materiality
  4. The Convention of Objectivity

1. The Convention of Consistency

This convention emphasizes

Read More

Understanding Financial Statements: Key Concepts and Disclosures

Financial Statement Disclosures: Inventory

NIC 2 – Information to be Disclosed in Financial Statements

The following information regarding inventory should be disclosed in the financial statements:

  • (a) Accounting Policies: The accounting policies adopted for the valuation of inventories, including the cost formula used.
  • (b) Total Carrying Amount: The total carrying amount of inventories and partial sums according to classifications appropriate to the entity.
  • (c) Fair Value Less Costs to Sell: The carrying
Read More

Understanding Bank Accounts: A Comprehensive Guide

Liability Operations of Banks

Banking operations are classified into three main groups:

Passive Operations

These operations provide funds to banks, typically held in checking and savings accounts, time deposits, and certificates of deposit. They are included in the liabilities of the bank’s balance sheet.

  • Current Accounts (Checking Accounts)
  • Savings Accounts
  • Time Deposits
  • Certificates of Deposit

Credit Operations (Concessions)

These are credit transactions of money or availability provided by banks to their

Read More

Aggregate Demand & Open Economy Macroeconomics: A Comprehensive Analysis

Distribution of Aggregate Demand in a Closed Economy (Long Term)

Exercise 1

Consider a closed economy operating at full employment characterized by the following system of equations:

2wECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwXvICCOZGme

zuYUuicd + + Do3rEqDTShRepq UIBU9gSwGq8WCbm3

zuYUuicd + + Do3rEqDTShRepq UIBU9gSwGq8WCbm3

2wECAwECAwECAwECAwXwICAC2xMExUiaZ6q + cCyP

YUA5Iy9gIQA7

uJhCKJAkiMKZkkiGDRlEmpJkavuGrZcCQtmKQcBl

Based on this information:

  • Find the total saving function of the economy. Calculate the partial derivative of this function relative to the interest rate and provide an intuition for the results.
  • Find the effect on the interest rate of increases in public spending. Express your result in terms of model parameters.
  • Explain
Read More

Fiscal Federalism and International Public Finance: A Comprehensive Overview

1. Fiscal Federalism

a) Overview of Fiscal Federalism

Justification: Since prosecution necessarily falls within the limits of a territory, each function (allocation, distribution, stability, and development) must be analyzed in its specific spatial context. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adjust the economic and financial relations of the different levels of government that exist in the states. This aims to achieve equity and/or efficiency in the allocation of resources with spatial reference

Read More

Mastering Negotiation: 5 Keys to Success

Control of the Negotiation Process: Avoiding Common Pitfalls

A common error in negotiation is the lack of a clear definition of success. This can lead to manipulation and an ineffective negotiation strategy. A well-defined goal is crucial for a win-win outcome. A good result in a negotiation typically exhibits the following characteristics:

1. Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA)

In a successful negotiation, the agreed-upon outcome should be superior to each party’s best alternative

Read More