Accounting Principles and Business Obligations for Companies
Accounting Concepts
Definition
Accounting is the science that studies and analyzes the economic resources and their movements within a company.
Key Terms
- Heritage: Includes property, rights, debts, and obligations.
- Assets: Property and rights.
- Liabilities: Debts and obligations.
- Inventory: Detailed list of a company’s assets and liabilities.
- Journal: A chronological record of financial transactions.
- Ledger: A collection of accounts that summarize financial transactions.
- Book of Accounts: Includes inventory,
Market Failures and State Intervention in the Economy
Market Failures and State Intervention
Market Failures
Market failures are the negative consequences of market functioning that occur when it is not efficient in the allocation of resources. State intervention in the economy does not eliminate the negative effects of market failures, but only manages to reduce them.
Cyclical Instability
The Business Cycle: The business cycle is the sequence of more or less regular expansions and recessions of actual output around potential GDP.
Cyclical Instability:
Read MoreUnderstanding Labor Relationships and Contract Types in Spain
Unit 2: Labor Relationships
Working Agreement
An agreement between a worker and an employer, not always in writing.
Subjects
Worker
- Individual:
- Age and Capacity:
- Disabled: Persons under 16 years (except performing artists). Those over 18 years declared incapable by court.
- Limited Capacity: People over 16 and under 18 years (requiring authorization from parent/guardian).
- Full Capacity: People over 16 years emancipated (married or independent of their parents) and those over 18 years.
- Other Requirements:
- Degree
Understanding Companies: Types, Structures, and the Digital Age
What is a Company?
A company, like Apple or Médicos Sin Fronteras, is fundamentally an organization—a structured group of people using resources to achieve shared goals. Companies, however, are distinct from other organizations because their primary objective is profit generation and distribution to owners.
Key Characteristics of Companies
- Specific organization
- Combines resources to produce goods and services
- Provides added value
- Operates as a technical, economic, socio-political, and decision-making
Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior
Chapter 1.1
Terms
Marketing: The identification and meeting of individual and social needs in a way that harmonizes with the goals of the organization.
Marketing Management: The art and science of choosing target markets and getting, retaining, and growing customers by delivering superior value.
Social Marketing: The role marketing plays in society (e.g., delivering a higher standard of living). It is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating,
Read MoreSquatty Potty Case Study: A Digital Marketing Success
Chapter 1.1: Introduction to Marketing
Terms:
Marketing – The identification and meeting of individual and social needs in a way that harmonizes with the goals of the organization.
Marketing Management – The art and science of choosing target markets and getting, retaining, and growing customers by delivering superior value.
Social Marketing – The role marketing plays in society (e.g., delivering a higher standard of living). It is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they
Read More