Understanding Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy
Financing Process
Offerers of financial resources, based on their income and consumption/saving/investment plans, have a certain capacity to supply these resources. Individuals needing financial resources seek funding for their plans. The financial system encompasses all institutions involved in connecting these two groups.
Money
Money serves as a medium of exchange and is generally accepted as legal tender. It is issued by an institution that monopolizes its creation, typically in the form of coins
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Calculation of Working Capital
For a given set of policies in areas of procurement, production, sales, and financing of providers, there will exist a minimum working capital that can serve as a reference for calculating funding requirements and controlling established policies.
Fixed Assets (Positive):
- Detention in cash.
- Immobilization of raw materials (raw materials annual consumption x D1).
- Freezing in the production process (annual production cost x D2).
- Immobilization of finished products (annual
Macroeconomics: Concepts and Applications
Question 1: How Inflation Affects the Economy
Consumption
Inflation erodes purchasing power, leading consumers to reduce spending, especially on non-essential goods. Uncertainty about future prices may also cause delays in large purchases.
Trade
Inflation can make exports more expensive and imports cheaper, potentially impacting a country’s trade balance. Exchange rate volatility can also arise.
Interest Rates
Central banks often raise interest rates to combat inflation, aiming to curb spending and slow
Quality Management in a Hotel
Organization of the Hotel
In this case, the quality function is entrusted to the Customer Service Manager. Their role is not to ‘do’ hotel quality, which is primarily related to the operations departments, but to set in motion the mechanism to improve quality to obtain maximum customer satisfaction.
Tasks of the Customer Service Manager:
- Addressing complaints and suggestions from customers to respond to complaints and satisfy dissatisfied clients.
- Taking into account customer satisfaction to know the
The Evolution of Money and the Financial System
The Evolution of Money
To avoid difficulties in bartering, commodity money emerged. This medium of exchange needed to be durable, portable, divisible, scarce, and generally accepted. Due to the high risk of transporting gold and silver coins, merchants left them in the custody of goldsmiths. These custodians provided signatures and seals to depositors, marking the first example of paper money towards the end of the medieval period.
Intermediary money changers emerged, trading promissory notes in exchange
Read MoreMarket Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, and Oligopoly
Perfect Competition
Characteristics:
- Low barriers to entry and exit
- Many small businesses
- Homogeneous product
- Full information
- Producers have no power to fix prices
Oligopoly
Characteristics:
- High barriers to entry
- A small number of enterprises
- Product may be similar or differentiated
- Intense rivalry or cooperation between companies
- Power to influence prices
Monopolistic Competition
Characteristics:
- Low barriers to entry and exit
- Many producers
- Differentiated product
- Producers have some power to set prices
Cartel
A
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