Chilean Health Reform: Law, Equity, and Access
Law Reform and Health Authority
Total population: 16,454,143 inhabitants.
FONASA: 12.817 million inhabitants (77.9%).
- Inequities in health in Chile: 42% of the population has an average mortality risk. Infant mortality during ’98 in Puerto Saavedra was 42.2 per 1,000 live births and 2.62 per 1,000 in Vitacura.
- Annual expenditure per capita (1999): public U$ 210, private U$ 500.
- 1999: 66.5% of medical care was provided by the public health service, serving 1/3 of the population.
- Perception of users:
- Poor
Key Economic Concepts and Market Dynamics
Key Economic Concepts
Productivity
Productivity relates the quantity of product obtained to the number of factors used in production. It is often analyzed for different levels of one factor (e.g., labor) while keeping others constant (e.g., capital).
- Total Product: The level of production achieved for a given level of a factor.
- Average Product: The relationship between the quantity of product obtained and the amount of factor used.
- Marginal Product: The change in total production due to an increase in
Understanding Taxes for Businesses and Individuals in Spain
Taxes on Insurance Premiums
This is an indirect tax levied on insurance premiums. The taxable event is the realization of insurance operations and capitalization. The taxable event occurs when the premiums are paid for the operations. The tax base is the total amount of the insurance premiums. Taxpayers are insurers that impact those who hire insurance or are subject to this tax.
Regional and Local Taxes
Autonomic Tax / City Tax
These are the taxes that municipalities may require.
Property Tax (IBI)
This
Read MoreFinancial Configuration Settings and Processes
500 Standard Customizing setting
- BANK COMMUNICATION Payment medium format
- CENTRAL FINANCE The initial load
- EXPOSURE POSITIONS In the derivation strategy
- FX Analysis items
- HEDGED ITEM Hedge accounting rule
ACTUALS DIMENSION Only 1
- BANK RECONCILIATION Bank sub account
- COCKPIT Hedging Area
- EXPOSURE TYPE Corresponding business types
- FX Released FX hedge requests
- HEDGING AREA Risk Currencies
AFFILIATED GROU Emphasis
- BANK-INTERNAL Risk Analysis
- CODE COLUMN Repe Code column
- FI Serialization in AIF
- FX After cap raw expos
Standard Costing: Principles and Practices in Manufacturing
**Knowledge 1: Standard Cost**
Standard costs are predetermined costs that serve as a scientific basis for measuring actual performance. These standards for manufacturing costs are generally integrated formally into the cost accounts. When this happens, the systems are known as standard cost accounting systems. Standard costs are the opposite of actual costs. Actual costs are historical costs that are incurred in a prior period. The difference between the actual cost and standard cost is called a
Read MoreBusiness Environment, Strategies, and Market Analysis
Business Environment and Key Factors
The general environment reflects major trends in a company’s external reality. These factors are farthest from the company and often indirectly affect all companies. They include:
- Legal and Political: All that implies a position of power in our society at different levels.
- Social and Demographic: These are part of the social and cultural models, as well as aggregate demographic characteristics of a corporation.
- Technological: Stimulated by favorable economic consequences