Key Financial Terms, Ratios, and Analysis Methods
Key Financial Terms and Concepts
- GAAP: The practice and procedure guidelines to prepare and maintain financial records and reports.
- Financial Accounting Standards Board: The accounting profession’s rule-setting body.
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): The federal regulatory body that governs the sale and listing of securities.
- Stockholders: Receive an annual report from publicly owned corporations.
- Income Statement: Provides a summary of the firm’s performance during a specific time.
- Dividend
Behavioral Finance: Understanding Investor Biases and Market Dynamics
1. Introduction to Behavioral Finance
Behavioral Finance is a research area that explains and anticipates phenomena in financial markets based on findings in behavioral research and theoretical analysis. Behavioral finance is not yet a coherent theory, but it is far more than just a collection of anomalies. Psychology + financial theory + empirical theory + experimental research = behavioral finance.
Key Concepts:
- Momentum strategies: buying stocks that have had past high returns, and short selling
Understanding Company Concepts, Types, and Functions
Company: Concept and Types
1.1 Definition of Undertaking
Definition from the standpoint of economic theory: a set of factors of production, combined under the leadership, responsibility, and control of the entrepreneur, whose function is to produce with a given target.
- Self-contained unit of production.
- Uses work of others.
- Produces for the market.
- Seeks profit.
- Has capital.
- Innovates.
- Takes risks.
The factors of production:
- Land (natural resources, raw materials, materials).
- Work (manpower, personnel, employees,
Car Purchase, Loans, Debt, and Home Buying Strategies
Expenses and Financing
Financing Rate
- Compare financing rates and purchase prices from dealers.
Negotiating the Price
- Some dealers negotiate, some do not.
- Sticker price is the Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP).
- Negotiating by phone or fax may be beneficial.
- Call several dealers.
Trade-in Tactics
- Negotiate the new car price before mentioning a trade-in.
Value of Information
- Shop around; information is valuable.
Purchasing a Car Online
- Not as efficient as buying an airline ticket or a book.
Purchase
Read MoreCapacity Utilization: Impact, Options, and Outsourcing
Capacity Utilisation
It is the proportion of maximum output capacity currently being achieved. The degree of capacity being used is a major factor in determining the operational efficiency of a business. Maximum capacity is the maximum level of output a business can achieve in a certain time period. If a firm is working at full capacity, it is achieving 100% capacity utilisation. Capacity utilisation is used to compare how one firm is performing compared to the average or how capacity utilisation
Read MoreStrategic Facility Location and Capacity Planning
Introduction
Enterprises operate in various facilities, including processing plants, assembly lines, warehouses, stores, after-sales support centers, and offices. These facilities result from interconnected decisions. The type of facility depends on the product or service offered and the production process or technology used. The size depends on the required capacity. Other key decisions include the location and layout. This document discusses the main issues affecting facilities:
- What kind of facilities