Textile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications
Textile Fiber Finishes and Quality
Cotton Finishes
Mercerization
This treatment uses sodium hydroxide to enhance cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.
Cotton Quality
- High Quality: Combed (short fibers removed)
- Lower Quality: Not combed
Linen Finishes
Beetling
This process involves flattening yarns to create a smoother, tighter fabric with enhanced sheen.
Linen Quality
- High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed fibers
- Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Tow fibers require carding before dry spinning into yarns
Textile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications
Cotton Finish
Mercerization
– Sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.
Quality of COTTON
- High quality: Combed (removed short fibers)
- Lower quality: Not combed
Linen Finish
Beetling
Yarns are flattened (pounded) to create a fabric that looks more regular and tighter. Also increases sheen.
Linen Quality
- High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed
- Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Line fibers are ready for wet spinning into yarn. Tow fibers must be carded before dry spinning
An Introduction to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ceramics, and Polymers
Chapter 11: Ferrous Alloys
Iron-Based Principle Constituent
Includes cast irons & steels.
Advantages
- Cost-effective
- Diverse properties achievable by adding vacancy impurities.
Low Carbon Steels
Less than 0.25 wt% carbon. Strengthening is accomplished by cold work. Microstructure consists of ferrite & pearlite (alpha & Fe3C). Relatively soft & weak but ductile & tough. Machinable, weldable, least expensive to produce.
HSLA – High Strength Low Alloy
Contains other elements such as Cu, Vanadium,
Read MoreAn Introduction to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ceramics, and Polymers
Chapter 11: Ferrous Alloys
Iron-Based Principle Constituent
Ferrous alloys are iron-based and include cast irons and steels.
Advantages of Ferrous Alloys
- Cost-effective
- Diverse properties achievable by adding vacancy impurities
Types of Steel
Low Carbon Steels
- Less than 0.25 wt% carbon
- Strengthening is accomplished by cold work
- Microstructure consists of ferrite & pearlite (alpha & Fe3C)
- Relatively soft & weak but ductile & tough
- Machinable, weldable, least expensive to produce
HSLA – High Strength
Read MoreTextile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications
Cotton Finish
Mercerization
-Sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, & strength.
Quality of COTTON
- High quality: Combed (removed short fibers)
- Lower quality: Not combed
Linen Finish
Beetling
Yarns are flattened (pounded) to create a fabric that looks more regular and tighter. Also increases sheen.
Linen Quality
- High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed
- Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Line fibers are ready for wet spinning into yarn. Tow fibers must be carded before dry spinning
A Comprehensive Guide to Forecasting Techniques in Business
Forecasting is the prediction of future events or future outcomes of key variables. An accurate prediction of outcomes can provide improved certainty and assist in the decision-making and planning process.
The purpose of forecasting is to identify problems, opportunities, and threats before they happen. By being proactive, greater efficiency, profitability, and longevity can be achieved.
When forecasting, the assumption is that the conditions of the past will be
Read More