Early Childhood Development: Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Growth

HDF 211 Study Guide Chapter 3


Physical Growth and Development in Infancy

Patterns of Growth

What is the cephalocaudal pattern?

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top – the head – with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom.

What is the proximodistal pattern?  

Sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities.


The Brain
What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?

Brain swelling and hemorrhaging

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Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

HDF 211 Study Guide: Chapter 3

Physical Growth and Development in Infancy

Patterns of Growth

What is the cephalocaudal pattern?

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top – the head – with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom.

What is the proximodistal pattern?

Sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities.

The Brain

What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?

Brain swelling and hemorrhaging

Read More

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood

HDF 211 Study Guide: Chapter 3 – Physical Growth and Development in Infancy

Patterns of Growth

What is the cephalocaudal pattern?

The sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top – the head – with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom.

What is the proximodistal pattern?

Sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the extremities.

The Brain

What is Shaken Baby Syndrome?

Brain swelling and hemorrhaging

Read More

Textile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications

Textile Fiber Finishes and Quality

Cotton Finishes

Mercerization

This treatment uses sodium hydroxide to enhance cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.

Cotton Quality

  • High Quality: Combed (short fibers removed)
  • Lower Quality: Not combed

Linen Finishes

Beetling

This process involves flattening yarns to create a smoother, tighter fabric with enhanced sheen.

Linen Quality

  • High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed fibers
  • Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Tow fibers require carding before dry spinning into yarns
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Textile Fibers: Properties, Finishes, and Classifications

Cotton Finish

Mercerization

– Sodium hydroxide is used to increase cotton’s absorbency, luster, and strength.

Quality of COTTON

  • High quality: Combed (removed short fibers)
  • Lower quality: Not combed

Linen Finish

Beetling

Yarns are flattened (pounded) to create a fabric that looks more regular and tighter. Also increases sheen.

Linen Quality

  • High Quality: “Line” – Long, combed
  • Low Quality: “Tow” – Short flax fibers. Line fibers are ready for wet spinning into yarn. Tow fibers must be carded before dry spinning
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An Introduction to Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Alloys, Ceramics, and Polymers

Chapter 11: Ferrous Alloys

Iron-Based Principle Constituent

Includes cast irons & steels.

Advantages

  • Cost-effective
  • Diverse properties achievable by adding vacancy impurities.

Low Carbon Steels

Less than 0.25 wt% carbon. Strengthening is accomplished by cold work. Microstructure consists of ferrite & pearlite (alpha & Fe3C). Relatively soft & weak but ductile & tough. Machinable, weldable, least expensive to produce.

HSLA – High Strength Low Alloy

Contains other elements such as Cu, Vanadium,

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