Database and Cloud Computing: Key Concepts and Practices
Database Management
What is the Purpose of a Primary Key in a Database Table?
Answer: To enforce data integrity.
What Does ‘Normalization’ Refer to in Database Design?
Answer: The process of eliminating redundancy and maintaining data integrity.
In MongoDB, What is the Equivalent of a Table?
Answer: Collection.
Which Command Finds All Documents in a MongoDB Collection?
Answer: db.collection.find({})
What Does a ‘Shard’ Refer to in MongoDB?
Answer: A partition of data in the cluster.
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Read MoreComputer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution
Chapters on Computer Architecture
Chapter 1
1. The Computer Revolution
Progress in Technology: Enables novel applications like genomics, web services, and search engines.
Applications: Embedded in automobiles, smartphones, and more.
Pervasiveness: Computers are integral to various aspects of life.
2. Classes of Computers
Personal Computers: General-purpose, cost-performance tradeoffs.
Server Computers: Network-based, high capacity and reliability.
Supercomputers: High-end calculations, small market fraction.
Key Concepts in Computer Networking and Routing Protocols
1. Understanding Shadow Copies in Routers
Shadow copies are used in routers because the forwarding decision is made locally at each input port, without invoking the centralized routing processor. Decentralized forwarding avoids creating a forwarding processing bottleneck at a single point within the router.
2. Three Types of Switching Fabrics
- Switching via memory: Fabric switching with the use of CPU.
- Switching via a bus: Fabric switching via shared buses on input and output ports.
- Switching via interconnection
Backtracking Algorithms: N-Queens, Job Scheduling, Knapsack, and Bellman-Ford
N-Queens Problem and Backtracking
The N-Queens problem is a classic computer science challenge. The goal is to place N queens on an N×N chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other. This means no two queens can share the same row, column, or diagonal.
Constraints:
- N queens must be placed on the board.
- No two queens should be on the same row, column, or diagonal.
Backtracking Algorithm
Backtracking explores all possible queen placements using a depth-first search. It builds the solution step by
Read MoreUnderstanding the OSI Model: Layers and Functions
The OSI Model: Layers and Functions
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) establishes global agreements on international standards. The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model is an ISO standard covering all aspects of communication networks. It’s an open system model that allows communication between different systems regardless of the underlying architecture.
The objective of the OSI model is to enable communication between different systems without altering the underlying hardware
Read MoreOperating System Concepts and Mechanisms
Operating System
An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program, manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface, such as a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI). The operating
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