Operating System Fundamentals: Core Concepts & Algorithms
Operating System Introduction & Types
Operating systems manage CPU, memory, storage, and I/O resources.
Types of Operating Systems
- OS-less
- Batch Processing
- Multiprogramming
- Time-sharing
Multiprogramming
Increases CPU utilization; memory and security management are crucial.
Time-sharing
Enables user interaction and provides quicker system response.
Computing Resources & OS Services
Key Operating System Services
- User Interface (CLI/GUI)
- Program Execution
- I/O Operations
- File System Manipulation
- Inter-process
Android Security: Kotlin Coding Practices & Intent Handling
🔧 Kotlin & Android Coding Terms You Must Know
?.let {}: Kotlin null-safe scope function. Prevents crashes if an object is null; not a security check.getCallingPackage(): Identifies the app that sent an intent. Use this to verify the intent source.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(): Checks if a permission is declared. Does not verify the actual identity of the sender.resolveActivity(intent, 0): Checks if the intent can be handled. Prevents app crashes, but not a security check.putExtra()/getStringExtra(
Database Systems & Data Warehousing Concepts
Data Warehouse Architectures
Metadata in Knowledge Data Lifecycle
Examples of metadata that can be used at every step of the Knowledge Data Lifecycle:
- Data Selection: Data description, date of data, structures, data sources, extraction mechanisms.
- Data Pre-processing: Cleaning logs, methods, missing values.
- Data Mining & Machine Learning: Data types for algorithms, size of dataset.
- Evaluation & Interpretation: Knowledge derived, data mining patterns.
CSV vs. DBMS: Advantages Comparison
Advantages
Read MoreComputer I/O Interfaces and Data Transfer Techniques
Understanding Computer I/O Interfaces
The input/output (I/O) interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage devices and external I/O peripherals. Peripherals connected to a computer require a special communication link to operate as an interface with the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The purpose of this communication link is to resolve the differences and focus the computer’s attention on each peripheral. The main differences are:
- Electromechanical vs. Electronic
C Programming Fundamentals: Language, Structure, and Data Types
What is C Programming?
C programming is a general-purpose, high-level programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs. It is one of the most widely used and influential programming languages of all time. C was originally created to write operating systems and system-level software, but over time, it became popular for application development as well. It is often considered a middle-level language because it allows direct manipulation of memory and hardware resources (low-level
Read MoreWeb Development Essentials: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
HTML Fundamentals
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, which is the standard markup language used for creating and structuring content on the web. Its elements use a system of tags to define items such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and multimedia content. HTML is fundamental for building website structure and layout.
Key Characteristics of HTML
Tags and Elements
HTML employs tags like
<h1>,<p>, and<a>to define content.Attributes
Attributes provide additional information