Essential Computer Science Terms and Definitions
Data and Storage
- Updated: Replacement data information contained in an archive, a register, or other + R100T were applied.
- Alphanumeric: Includes all numbers, letters, and normal spelling punctuation characters. Special characters are not included.
- Storage: Consists of keeping the information in the computer’s memory.
- arXiv: Information distributed in the structure of registers with a common definition with different contents.
- Database: A collection of data stored independently of the programs that use
Database Indexing and Hashing Techniques
Indexing and Hashing in Databases
Indexing
Indexing is a data structure technique used to efficiently retrieve records from database files based on certain attributes. Indexing has been implemented on these attributes.
Types of Indexing
- Primary Index: Defined on an ordered data file, where the data file is ordered on a key field (generally the primary key of the relation).
- Secondary Index: May be generated from a field that is a candidate key and has a unique value in every record, or a non-key with
Early Computers vs. Modern Systems: Impact of OS
Early Computers vs. Modern Systems: The Impact of Operating Systems
The Dawn of Computing: MARK I, ENIAC, and UNIVAC I
The first computers, such as the MARK I, ENIAC, and UNIVAC I, relied on vacuum tubes for processing information. Data input and output were primarily handled through punched cards or tapes. This made the introduction of software a slow and sequential task.
The Rise of Modern Computing
Subsequent generations of computers witnessed significant advancements. The introduction of transistors
Read MoreC Programming: Arrays, Sorting, and Pointers
In C, characters are declared to be of the type char. Each char variable is stored in 8 bits (This is different from Java, in which the char type requires 16 bits so that it can store a Unicode).
Variable-Length and 2D Arrays: Latin Square Example
Let’s examine an example using both variable-length arrays and 2D arrays. The example tests whether a matrix is a Latin square. An n by n matrix is a Latin square if each row is a permutation of numbers 1, 2, . . . , n and each column is a permutation of
Read MoreSoftware Testing: Coverage Metrics, Path Testing, and Fault-Based Testing
Test Coverage Metrics
The motivation for using DD-paths is that they enable very precise descriptions of test coverage. In our quest to identify gaps and redundancy in test cases as these are used to exercise (test) different aspects of a program, we use formal models of the program structure to reason about testing effectiveness. Test coverage metrics are a device to measure the extent to which a set of test cases covers a program. Several widely accepted test coverage metrics are used; most of
Read MoreDistributed Operating Systems and Client-Server Architecture
System
A number of factors, processes, and methods that interact with each other toward a common goal.
Operating System
A software package that controls, manages, and regulates the functions of elements to achieve an objective and is stored in secondary memory.
Distributed Operating System
A software package to manage and control the functions of the control elements (hardware, software) that make up a system, which is transparent to the user.
Advantages (Distributed vs. Centralized)
- Economy
- Speed
- Reliability
- Incremental