Windows Desktop and Internet Networking Fundamentals
Windows Desktop Environment Components
The elements listed below are core components of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the Microsoft Windows operating system, which is centered around the Desktop interface.
Desktop Elements and Icons
The Desktop is the main screen area you see after logging into the operating system. It acts as the primary workspace where programs are opened and common files or shortcuts are stored.
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Icon | A small graphical representation (picture) of a program, |
Database Clustering vs Parallel Architecture: Performance
Database Clustering and Parallel Architecture Fundamentals
Understanding Database Clusters
Definition of a Database Cluster
A Database Cluster is a group of databases or database servers that work together to store data, share workload, and improve overall performance and reliability.
Key Benefits of Database Clustering
Database clusters are essential for modern applications due to several critical advantages:
- High Availability: If one server fails, another server will automatically handle the database
Linux Fundamentals: Architecture, Features, and System Management
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a powerful, open-source operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel. It is used everywhere, from supercomputers and servers to mobile devices and embedded systems. Unlike proprietary operating systems like Windows or macOS, Linux’s source code is freely available, which allows anyone to modify and distribute it.
Linux System Architecture
The Linux operating system follows a layered architecture, separating user programs from the core system components. This modular
Read MoreData Visualization Applications and Excel Data Management
Applications of Data Visualization
Data visualization spans across many fields and industries, as it helps make complex data understandable and actionable. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its major applications:
- Business Intelligence (BI)
- Finance & Investment
- Healthcare
- Education
- Marketing & Sales
- Government & Public Policy
- Information Technology & Cybersecurity
- Manufacturing & Supply Chain
- Social Media & Web Analytics
- Geospatial Analysis
Data visualization is a bridge between raw data
Read MoreSQL Data Types, Commands, Relational Algebra & Calculus
SQL Data Types and Their Purpose
SQL data types specify the type of data that can be stored in a database table. Choosing the correct data type improves storage efficiency, performance, and data integrity.
Numeric Data Types
These types are used to store numeric values.
- INT / INTEGER – stores whole numbers.
- SMALLINT / BIGINT – stores small or large integers.
- DECIMAL(p, s) / NUMERIC – stores fixed-point (exact) numbers.
- FLOAT / REAL – stores floating-point numbers (approximate).
Character (String)
Read MoreVirtual Memory and Disk Storage Systems
Virtual Memory Fundamentals
Virtual memory provides the separation of user logical memory and physical memory.
- Only part of the program needs to be in memory for execution; therefore, the logical address space is greater than the physical address space.
- It allows address spaces to be shared by multiple processes, which results in less swapping.
- It allows pages to be shared during
fork(), leading to faster process creation.
Page Fault Mechanisms
A page fault occurs the first time there is a reference to
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