Circuit Switching, ATM, and Frame Relay: Key Concepts

Circuit Switching: Advantages and Operation

Circuit switching establishes a dedicated channel for the duration of a communication session. Once the session ends (e.g., a phone call), the channel is released for other users.

Key Features of Circuit Switching:

  • Transparent service and constant speed.
  • Delay due to call setup.
  • Supports analog or digital data transmission.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

ATM uses small, fixed-size cells for data transmission. In 1988, the CCITT designated ATM as the transport

Read More

Understanding Enterprise Project Structure (EPS)

The Enterprise Project Structure (EPS) is a logical, meaningful, hierarchical arrangement of all the projects in your organization. It provides a comprehensive view of the company, showing its areas of operation.

  • The EPS is a hierarchical arrangement of projects within an organization.
  • It has a main/root node (the enterprise/organization) and several nodes and sub-nodes defining the various fields this enterprise is involved in.
  • Once defined, the EPS does not change dramatically or frequently. It only
Read More

ReactJS Popup: Modals, Tooltips, and Menus

Concepts in Focus

1. Third-Party Package: reactjs-popup

NPM contains reactjs-popup, a third-party package to display popups in your application.

It provides a React component that helps you create simple and complex Modals, Tooltips, and Menus for your application.

Installation Command:

1
npm install reactjs-popup

1.1 Advantages

  • ReactJS provides Modal, Tooltip, and Menu components.
  • Provides support for controlled Modals & Tooltips.
Read More

Data Structures, Strings, and Pointers in C

What is a Parent?

It’s a way of handling a large amount of data of the same type under one name or identifier.

Arrays: State and Data Access

Arrays are declared in a similar way, with separate brackets for each subscript. The general form of the declaration is:

type name [row_num] [num_columns];

The way to access the array elements is by using its name followed by the integer expressions for the two subscripts in square brackets.

What is a String?

A string is simply a vector of type char. It is declared

Read More

Troubleshooting Network Configurations: OSPF, RADIUS, ACLs

Network Configuration Issues and Solutions

This document addresses various network configuration issues and provides solutions. The topics covered include OSPF, RADIUS, Access Control Lists (ACLs), Virtual Switching Framework (VSF), and more.

OSPF Configuration

  • Configure Area 1 as a stub area, with no summaries on Switch-2.
  • Set a cost of 100 in the redistribute static command on Switch-1 to change the external LSA metric.
  • Enable BFD in asynchronous mode on each OSPF routing switch in VLAN 100.
  • Use virtual
Read More

Understanding Usenet, IRC, VoIP, Skype, Blogs, and RSS

Understanding Internet Communication Technologies

Usenet: The Global Bulletin Board

Usenet is a global discussion area with millions of messages organized into newsgroups. Anyone can participate in these discussions, which are hosted on many computers across the internet.

Types of Newsgroups:

  • Moderated Newsgroups: A moderator reviews messages and decides which ones to post.
  • Unmoderated Newsgroups: All messages are posted directly to the server and published in the newsgroup.

A newsgroup reader is software

Read More