Introduction to Computer Science and Programming
This document provides an overview of object-oriented program design, computer memory, machine language, and the software development life cycle.
- The Von Neumann computer model consists of a CPU and memory.
- Computer memory is made up of cells with unique addresses and stores information in binary format.
- Machine language is the binary code that computers can understand.
- High-level programming languages like Python and Java are used to write programs that are easier for humans to understand.
- Compilers
Understanding Multi-Layer Network Models: OSI & Internet
Multi-Layer Network Models
Most Important Network Models: OSI & Internet
Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI)
Created by ISO as a framework.
7 Layers
Internet Model
Created by DARPA in 1970.
Made to solve problems of internetworking.
5 Layers
Based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)
OSI Model Layers
7 – Application Layer: Set of utilities used by application programs.
6 – Presentation Layer: Formats data for presentation to the user.
5 – Session Layer: Initiates, maintains, and terminates each
Read MoreDivide and Conquer Algorithms in C: Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Fractional Knapsack, Kruskal’s, Prim’s, LCS, N-Queens, and Rabin-Karp
Merge Sort using Divide and Conquer
C Code
#include
void merge(int a[], int beg, int mid, int end)
{
int i, j, k;
int n1 = mid – beg + 1;
int n2 = end – mid;
int LeftArray[n1], RightArray[n2];
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++)
LeftArray[i] = a[beg + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
RightArray[j] = a[mid + 1 + j];
i = 0;
j = 0;
k = beg;
while (i < n1 && j < n2)
{
if(LeftArray[i] <= RightArray[j])
{
a[k] = LeftArray[i];
i++;
}
else
{
a[k] = RightArray[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
while (i{
a[k] = LeftArray[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while
VHDL 4-to-1 Multiplexer: Design and Testbench
VHDL 4-to-1 Multiplexer
Entity Declaration
— Library Declaration
LIBRARY ieee;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;
— Entity Declaration
ENTITY mux_4to1 IS
PORT(
x0, x1, x2, x3: IN std_logic;
SEL : IN std_logic_vector(1 DOWNTO 0);
y : OUT std_logic
);
END ENTITY;
Architecture Declaration
— Architecture Declaration
ARCHITECTURE behavioral OF mux_4to1 IS
BEGIN
y <= x3 WHEN sel = “11” ELSE
x2 WHEN sel = “10” ELSE
x1 WHEN sel = “01” ELSE
x0;
END ARCHITECTURE;
Testbench for 4-
Read MoreMachine Learning Fundamentals: From Regression to Clustering
NOTEBOOK 8
Machine Learning Fundamentals
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence and computer science, utilizes data and algorithms to mimic human learning. The data used during the learning phase, known as training data, serves as the guiding principle for the machine learning system.
A machine learning model is an algorithm or mathematical expression that defines the relationship between a target variable and one or more predictor variables.
Types of Machine Learning
- Supervised Learning:
Software Testing: A Comprehensive Guide to Concepts and Techniques
Q1) What is Configuration & Compatibility Testing Used in Web Testing?
Ans-> • The different configuration possibilities for a standard Windows-based PC:
- The PC – Compaq, Dell, Gateway, Hewlett Packard, IBM
- Components – system boards, component cards, disk drives, CD-ROM drives, video, sound, modem, & network cards
- Peripherals – printers, scanners, mice, keyboards, monitors, cameras, joysticks
- Interfaces – ISA, PCI, USB, PS/2, RS/232, & Firewire
- Options & memory – hardware options