Database Design
Day 1
Data
- Raw, unorganized facts
- (Unformatted Data)
Information
- Organized data with context
- (Formatted Data)
Metadata
- DATA that describes your DATA
- The “lens” we use to understand what data means
- Describes properties of data so we can infer information
Day 2
“Old” Way Process of Filing Systems
- Data stored in files managed by the application
- EX:
- STUDENT Files <-> Student Processing Applications <-> Users
- FACULTY and STAFF Files <-> Faculty and Staff Processing Applications <-> Users
- ALUMNI
Understanding Computer Architecture and Number Systems
Base System Numbers
– Binary (Base 2): 0, 1
– Octal (Base 8): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
– Decimal (Base 10): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
– Hexadecimal (Base 16): 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Decimal to Other Number Systems
To convert a decimal number to another base, repeatedly divide the decimal number by the desired base (e.g., 16 for hexadecimal, 8 for octal). The remainders, written in reverse order, form the converted number. Don’t forget to include the base at the end.
Other Number
Read MoreComprehensive Guide to Clustering, Anomaly Detection, and Stream Mining in Data Mining
Clustering
What is Clustering?
Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to group similar data points into clusters, making it easier to analyze and interpret large datasets. There are several methods of clustering, each with its own approach and use cases.
1. Partitioning Methods
K-Means Clustering:
Concept: This method partitions the dataset into K clusters, where each data point belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (centroid).
Algorithm:
- Initialize K centroids randomly.
- Assign
Python Programming: A Comprehensive Guide to Key Concepts and Techniques
Python: A Versatile and Powerful Programming Language
Python is a versatile, readable, and widely used programming language. It boasts a vast ecosystem of libraries for various tasks, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Key Concepts in Python
Numeric Data Types: Python supports various numeric data types, including integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex numbers (complex).
Name Resolution: Name resolution in Python determines the value associated with a name in the
Read MoreUnderstanding Database Systems: Three-Schema Architecture, Data Independence, and Data Models
Understanding Database Systems
Three-Schema Architecture
The Three-Schema Architecture is a framework for database systems that separates the database into three levels of abstraction to achieve data independence. This architecture helps in isolating the user’s application from the physical database. The three levels are:
External Level
This level is closest to the end users. It contains the data that is of interest to the user, and the user interacts with this level to access the database. There can
Read MoreUnderstanding ARM64 Registers and Memory Management
ARM64 Registers
- X0 – X7: Arguments/Results (no preserved call)
- X8: Indirect result location register (no preserved call)
- X9 – X15: Temporary registers (no preserved call)
- X16: Linker as a scratch register, otherwise, temporary (no preserved call)
- X17: Linker as a scratch register, otherwise, temporary (no preserved call)
- X18: Platform register for platform independent code, otherwise, temporary (no preserved call)
- X19 – X27: Saved (preserved call)
- X28: Stack pointer (preserved call)
- X29: Frame pointer (preserved