Operating Systems: Concepts, Structures, and Management
Operating System Fundamentals
A fundamental program that monitors all computer resources.
Purpose of an Operating System
To allow efficient utilization of computer system resources.
I/O Modules
Transport data between the computer and its external environment.
Monitor
The first batch operating system developed by General Motors.
Soft Degradation
The capacity to continue providing services proportional to the active hardware level.
Magnetic Disk
The most common storage device.
Shell
Considered one of the most
Read MoreComputer Architecture: Components, Functions, and How They Work
Computer Components
Computing is the automatic processing of information. The information must be in digital format. Numbers are represented in base 2. Images must be encoded as ordered pixels. Sound waves should also be coded for processing. A computer is an electronic device capable of receiving and processing digital data, and returning the result.
The early evolution of computing machines worked with fixed programs. A calculator had a fixed program. You could do basic math, but not use it as a
Read MoreData Transmission and Network Interconnection
Data Transmission Methods
According to Transmission:
Series: All signals are transmitted via a single line of data sequentially.
Parallel: Transmitting a group of bits simultaneously, one for each line of the canal.
According to Transmitted Signal:
Analog and Digital, Baseband or Broadband: (modulated signal)
Exploitation of Data Systems:
Simplex: It has clearly defined the roles of issuer and receiver, and the transmission is unidirectional.
Half Duplex: The communication may be bidirectional but not simultaneously.
Read MoreSurvey of Management Information Systems: A Comprehensive Overview
Survey of Management Information Systems
1. Defining an Office
An office is an organization embedded within a larger entity, serving specific functions and purposes. It processes and reports information according to objectives set by the larger organization.
2. What is Office Automation?
Office automation is the use of computers in the office to support information workers.
3. Integration Levels of the Office
Integration Intranivel (Horizontal)
Applications should not be a single toolset.
Integration Between
Read MoreIntroduction to Computer Networks
1. Local Area Networks (LAN)
A set of physical and logical elements that provide interconnection between devices in a private and restricted area.
Features:
- Geographical restriction
- Relatively high transmission speed
- Private network
- Low error rate and high transmission reliability
Types of LANs:
Peer-to-Peer Networks:
Computers share resources like disks and printers, with all devices having equal functionalities.
Client-Server Networks:
A centralized structure where a privileged computer (server) provides
Read MoreParallel Computer Architectures and Optimization Techniques
Parallel Computer Architectures
Instruction and Data Streams
SISD (Single Instruction Single Data): The classical von Neumann architecture, where a single data stream is processed by one instruction stream (uniprocessor).
SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data): Each instruction is executed on a different set of data by different processors. This is commonly used in array processing and vector processors.
MISD (Multiple Instructions Single Data): A theoretical concept where multiple processing units
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